Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Evidence for Evolution |
All organisms use the same nucleic acids |
|
|
Monomers |
Small molecular units e.g. monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides |
|
|
How to make or break a polymer |
Join together monomers by condensation reactions, which release a molecule of water- glycosidic bonds Break apart by adding a molecule of water for a hydrolysis reaction |
|
|
Disaccharides |
a-glucose+a-glucose = maltose glucose+fructose= sucrose glucose+galactose=lactose |
|
|
Polysaccharides |
Starch: Amylose (long, unbranched a-glucose-compact) and Amylopectin (long branched a glucose- glucose can be released quickly) Insoluble Glycogen: Long,branched a-glucose: glucose can be released quickly and compact Cellulose: Long, unbranched b-glucose- connected by hydrogen bonds-strong forsupport |
|
|
Lipids |
Triglycerides: one glycerol+ 3 fatty acids (ester bond-hydrophobic tails (insoluble) Phospholipids: one glycerol+ 2 fatty acids+ phosphate group- hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail. Fatty acids=chemical energy |
|
|
Saturated vs Unsaturated |
Saturated= no double bonds Unsaturated= double bonds |
|
|
Proteins |
Amino acids Dipeptide- Polypeptide (Peptide bonds) Only 20 amino acids Specific tertiary structure- hydrogen,ionic bonds and disulfide bridges |
|
|
Enzymes |
Biological catalysts- lower activation energy Active site- specific shape Enzyme-substrate complex Lock and key Induced Fit (make it change shape correctly) Denaturation- pH, temp, concentration |
|
|
Enzyme Inhibitors |
Competitive: Have similar shape,bind to active site-increase substrate concentration Non-competitive: Bind to allosteric site, change shape, no solution |
|
|
DNA |
Nucleotide |
