Biological Level Of Analysis

Front 1

Cogntion and physiology. Hippocampal volume is reduced in PTSD patients due to prolonged cortisol secretion. Smaller hippocampal volume results in worse memory. Though the sample was small, it showed a clear correlation between years of abuse and memory and hippocampal volume.

Back 1

Bremner et el.

Front 2

Hubel & Weisel sparked the idea in the 60's that the brain is not only sculpted by genetics, but also by environment.

Back 2

Hubel & Weisel

Front 3

Showed that the brains of total neglect grown up children are smaller.

Back 3

Perry

Front 4

Cognition and physiology. Used rats to prove that an enriched environment compared to an impoverished environment made 1- Thicker cortex. 2- Higher weight of cortex 3- More ACh receptors.

Back 4

Rosenzweig & Bennet

Front 5

Acetylcholine- Memory
Dopamine- Pleasure seeking

Back 5

Neurotransmitters

Front 6

Neurtransmitter dopamine. Used fMRI scans to look into the brains of people feeling pleasure. The orbitofrontal cortex was active and they concluded that dopamine was involved with pleasure seeking and addictive behavior.

Back 6

Berridge & Kringelbach

Front 7

Neurotransmitter ACh. Trained rats to go thruogh maze. G1 injected with scopolamine (blocks acetylcholine) did worse. G2 injected with physostigmane (more ACh available) was quicker.

Back 7

Martinez & Kesner

Front 8

3D images of brain using magnetics and radio waves.

Back 8

fMRI

Front 9

Monitors glucose metabolism by injecting radioactive glucose. When particles are emitted it is shown on scan.

Back 9

PET

Front 10

Performed an experiment on how hormone cortisol affects memory.

Back 10

Newcomer et al.

Front 11

Oxytocin- Trust
Cortisol- Memory

Back 11

Hormones

Front 12

Performed an experiment in which a participant completed a trust game and fMRI scans. Some were given --- hormone and were more likely to invest after broken trust.

Back 12

Baumgartner et al.

Front 13

The fMRI scans showed decreases in response in amygdala and caudate nucleus. The amygdala is involved in emotional processing and has many oxytocin processors. The caudate nucleus is related with learning to trust.

Back 13

Baumgartner et al.

Front 14

Investigated whether disgust was elevated in the first trimester, based on the evolutionary theory that those who can survive dangerous diseases are more likely to pass on their genes to following generations.

Back 14

Fessler et al.

Front 15

88 % same person
87% MZT
76% MSA

Back 15

Bouchard et al.

Front 16

INvestigated how the 5-HTT gene affected depression after stressfull events.

Back 16

Caspi et al.