Biological Classification

Front 1

Who was earliest to attemp scientific basis of classification?

Back 1

Aristotle

Front 2

How did Aristotle classify

Back 2

Simple morphological characters.

1.Plants-trees,shrubs,bushes, herbs

2.Animals-Red blood, other blood.

Front 3

Two Kingdom Classification

Back 3

Linnaeus

Front 4

Cons of Two Kingdom Class.

Back 4

Did not distinguish btw

1.eukaryotes & prokaryotes

2.unicellular & multicellular

3.photosynthetic and non photosynthetic

Front 5

Five Kingdom Classification

Back 5

R.H.Whittaker (1969)

Front 6

Criteria for class in 5 kingdom class

Back 6

1.cell structure

2.body organisation

3.reproducion

4.phylogenetic relation

5.mode of nutrition

Front 7

The ______________ has also been proposed that divides the KingdomMonera into two domains

Back 7

Three-domain system

Front 8

The three-domain system has also been proposed that divides the Kingdom ____1____ into ___2___domains.

Back 8

1. Monera

2. 2 Domains

Front 9

Acc to three-domain system the remaining ______________ in thethird domain and thereby a six kingdom classification

Back 9

eukaryotic kingdoms

Front 10

Earlier Classification systems included which groups in 'Plants' [Issue 1]

Back 10

1.Bacteria

2.blue-green algae

3.fungi

4.mosses&ferns

5.gymnosperms

6.angiosperms

Front 11

The characterthat unifies these groups in whole Plant kingdom was that all the organisms included had a __________ in their cells

Back 11

cell wall

Front 12

It brought together the ____1_____ and the ____2____ with other groups which were eukaryotic. [Issue2]

Back 12

1.prokaryotic bacteria

2.blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)

Front 13

It also grouped together the unicellular organisms and the multicellularones, say, for example, __________ and ________ were placed togetherunder algae [Issue3]

Back 13

1.Chlamydomonas

2.Spirogyra

Front 14

The classification did not differentiate between the heterotrophicgroup – _____1______, and the ____2_____, though they also showeda characteristic difference in their walls composition [Issue 4]

Back 14

1. fungi

2.autotrophic green plants

Front 15

Characteristics of Five Kingdoms

Back 15

Front 16

Give a general overview of all kingdoms:

Back 16

1.Kingdom Monera-All prokaryotic organisms

2.Kingdom Protista-All unicellular eukaryotic organisms

3.Kingdom Fungi-heterotrophic organisms.

4.Kingdom Plants-Angio and gymnosperms

5.Kingdom Animals-All animals

Front 17

Over time,an attempt has been made to evolve a classification system which reflectsnot only the morphological, physiological, and reproductive similarities,but is also ___1____ , i.e., is based on ___2___ relationships

Back 17

1.phylogenetic

2.evolutionary

Front 18

Kingdom Protista has brought together__1__ (earlier placed in Algae within Plants and bothhaving cell walls) with __2__ (which were earlier placedin the animal kingdom which lacks cell wall).

Back 18

1.Chlamydomonas, Chlorella

2.Paramoecium and Amoeba

Front 19

_________ are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera.

Back 19

Bacteria

Front 20

__________ are the mostabundant micro-organisms

Back 20

Bacteria

Front 21

Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape:

Back 21

1. thespherical Coccus

2. the rod-shaped Bacillus

3. thecomma-shaped Vibrio

4. the spiral Spirillum

Front 22

Compared to many other organisms,________ as a groupshow the most extensive metabolic diversity

Back 22

Bacteria

Front 23

The vast majority of bacteria are _________

Back 23

Heterotrophs,

Front 24

Archaebacteria bacteria are special since they live in some of the harshest habitatssuch as extreme ___1___, ___2___ and ___3___

Back 24

1.salty areas (halophiles)

2.hot springs (thermoacidophiles)

3.marshy areas (methanogens)

Front 25

________ are present in the gutof several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they areresponsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of theseanimals.

Back 25

Methanogens

Front 26

Thecyanobacteria have __________ similar to green plants .

Back 26

Chlorophyll A

Front 27

The coloniesare generally surrounded by ______.

Back 27

Gelatinous Sheath

Front 28

Some ofthese organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen inspecialised cells called _______.

(State Examples )

Back 28

Heterocysts (Check hint side)

Hint 28

Nostoc andAnabaena

Front 29

Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteriaoxidise various inorganic substances such as __1__,__2__and __3__ and use the releasedenergy for their ATP production .

Back 29

1.nitrates

2.nitrites

3.ammonia