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5 Cards in this Set
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Genes and behaviour (twin study) |
Kendler et al (2006) Swedish case study. To compare genetic effects on MDD in males and females and across generations. Depression was assessed in 42000 twins by DSM-IV criteria in a phone interview. All twins found on Swedish twin registry. Results: heritability much higher in women (42%) than in men (29%). No difference shown across generations. Lifetime MD is moderately heritable. Some genetic risk factors for depression are sex-specific. |
Kendler et al- depression |
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Genes and behaviour (genetic markers) |
Marzek, Chiao and Blizinsky (2010) Serotonin gene transport- 5-HTT 5-HTTLPR gene though to predispose anxiety and depression. Investigate relationship between genetic susceptibility of depression and different cultures. Data from 50000 individuals in 29 countries. Association between cultural values of individualism-collectivism and the frequency of 5-HTT allele examined. Data taken from preexisting publications- medical research, Hoefstede research into individualism-collectivism. Collectivist cultures more likely to carry allele. Other factors didn't correlate (like gender). Higher frequency of allele= lower depression. Cultural values buffer susceptibility to depression. Collectivist values used to protect against depression. |
Marzek, Chiao and Blazinsky (2010) 5-HTT allele |
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Evolution (2006) |
Fessler (2006) Disgust during pregnancy. 1st trimester lowers immune system so disgust helped protect. Disgust helps compensate for suppressed immune system. 496 healthy pregnant women to rank 32 potentially disgusting scenarios. Determined first if women got morning sickness. Women in 1st trimester= more disgust sensitive. Controlled morning sickness only applied to scenarios involving food. Natural selection helped humans to be picky eaters. Disgust may be an evolutionary behaviour. |
Fessler- pregnant women |
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Evolution (2004) |
Curtis et al (2004) Online survey to test disgust- 77000 Ps from 165 countries. Had to rank disgust for 20 images. In 20 images were 7 pairs with one being infectious and the other similar but harmless (e.g. a plate of body fluid, a plate of blue viscous liquid) Disgust reaction strongest for images that threaten immune system. Disgust decreased with age and women had higher rankings than men. Disgust AIDS survival. |
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Tierney |
Use for PET scans MA had encephalitis- 37 yr old man Normal speech production despite damage to brocas area MA and 12 controls who were all fluent in sign language had to produce signs and speech whilst being pet scanned. MA used right hemisphere instead of left. His language developed in right instead of left which decreased his spatio visual abilities |
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