Biological Anthropology Chapter 14

Front 1

brain stem

Back 1

the part of the brain that controls basal metabolic rates, respiration, pulse, and other basic body functions

Front 2

cerebellum

Back 2

the "little Brain" tucked under the cerebrum and important the control of balance, posture and other basic body functions

Front 3

cerebrum

Back 3

the largest part of the human brain, which is split into left and right hemispheres. Seat of all :higher" brain functions

Front 4

neuron

Back 4

teh basic cellular unit of the nervous system. Consists of a cell body and specialized processes called dendrites (which received inputs from other neurons) and axons (outgrowth through which neurons send impulses to other neurons)

Front 5

cerebral cortex

Back 5

the layer of grey matter that covers the surface of the cerebral hemisphere, divided into functional regions that correspond to local patterns of neuronal organization

Front 6

myelin

Back 6

fatty substance that sheaths neuronal axons, facilitating the transmission of electrical impulses along those axons.

Front 7

hyoid bone

Back 7

a small floating bone int eh front part of the throat, which is held in place by muscle and ligaments

Front 8

environment of evolutionary adaptedness

Back 8

according to evolutionary psychologist, the critical period for understanding the selective forces that shape human behavior; exemplified by hunter-gatherer lifestyles of hominids before the advent of agriculture

Front 9

association cortex

Back 9

parts of the cerebral cortex where inputs from the primary motor and sensory cortex are processed

Front 10

inbreeding

Back 10

mating between close relatives

Front 11

encephalization quotient

Back 11

the ratio of the actual brain size of the species to its expected brain size based on the statistical regression of the brain to body size based on a large number of species