Biolgy All

Front 1

What is rain shadow

Back 1

The desert area on the leeward side of the mountain

Front 2

The amount of solar energy receieved at any place on the Earth is influenced by

Back 2

Both latitude and season

Front 3

In order to maintain homeostasis, organisms live within a certain range of conditions called

Back 3

Environmental tolerance

Front 4

The following are fundamental resource required by all living organisms

Back 4

Nutrients, Liquid Water, appropriate Temperatures

Front 5

Which biome is dominated by evergreen coniferous trees and stretches horizontally across all of North American and Eurasia

Back 5

Taiga

Front 6

The Last biome encounter at high latitudes is the arctic __, where persisten permafrost impedes growth

Back 6

Tundra

Front 7

The following are typical features of the rainforest

Back 7

Poor soil, primates, high rainfall, epiphytes, butresses on tress.

Front 8

Chemosyntehsis is the energy harvesting process in _____ communities.

Back 8

hydrothermal vent

Front 9

The development of terrestrial biomes is determined primarily by the interaction of

Back 9

Temperature and Rainfall

Front 10

Introduced Species can negatively impact natural communities because they may be new______ that the resident species have not evolved with.

Back 10

Predators, parasites, Competitors

Front 11

The erlationship between agiosperms and their pollinators is a type of

Back 11

Mutualism

Front 12

An epiphytic plant and the tree it lives on is an example of

Back 12

commensalism

Front 13

Resource partitioning reduces the effects of

Back 13

interspecific competition

Front 14

All aspects of an organsm way of life is called its

Back 14

Ecological niche

Front 15

If A species A out-comeptes species B and drives it to extinction____ has occured

Back 15

competitive exclusion

Front 16

What is the function of aposematic coloration

Back 16

it warns the predator of toxicity

Front 17

Co-evolution between the rough skinned newt and the western garter snake has resulted in

Back 17

the newt becoming toxic enough to kill human

Front 18

Plant defense mechanisms might include

Back 18

production of chemcials
thorns,spines, or hairs

Front 19

Which of the following is an exmaple of symbiosis

Back 19

Heartworms living in a dog, algae live in association with coral polyps, nitrogen fixing bacteria live in association with plant roots, and lichens

Front 20

The energy that producers store and make avaiable to consumers over a given period of time is

Back 20

net primary productivity

Front 21

Detritus includes

Back 21

leaves that fall from trees, dead bodies of plants and animals, urinary wastes and feces from animals.

Front 22

Which of the following organism do feed directly on detritus

Back 22

fungi, bacteria, vultures, scavengers such as hyenas, and earthworms

Front 23

Nutrients are stored in____ in the ecosystem and must be retured there fore reuse

Back 23

reservoirs

Front 24

Phtosysnthsis is a key process in the _____ in most ecosystems

Back 24

carbon cycle

Front 25

The major reservior for nitrogen on Earth is_____

Back 25

atmosphere

Front 26

Carbon dioxide is called a greenhouse gas. This means that

Back 26

it increases the heat trapping ability of the atmosphere

Front 27

The current increase in atmospheric CO2 levels is different from previous increase because____

Back 27

Previous increases were never high as the current increase

Front 28

All the following cycle contian gaseous phase

Back 28

Nitrogen cycle, Carbon Cycle

Front 29

Which of the following is true concerning the nitrogen cycle

Back 29

Nitrogen fixation is mostly dependent on microooranisms

Front 30

Your ecological footprint is based on teh amount of ____ you use

Back 30

resources

Front 31

Most of Blacksburg is the____ watershed

Back 31

New River--> Gulf of Mexico

Front 32

The change in population size per individual per unti time (r) refers to what kind of relationship between birth rate and death rate

Back 32

the difference between them

Front 33

What environmental resistance limits population growth

Back 33

the population reaches an equilibrium size near the carrying capacity

Front 34

The rate at which a population reproduces and grows under ideal or optimal conditions is known as the

Back 34

biotic potential

Front 35

If a population's birth rate increase and death rate decrease, "r" will

Back 35

increase

Front 36

Which populations may show exponential growth?

Back 36

Lemmmings that exhibit a four year boom and bust cycle, organims invaide new habitats, blue green algae that survive at low levles most of the year then reach high density during favorable growth periods

Front 37

Which of the following contributed to very low reproduction in the Peters Mountain Mallow population?

Back 37

Loss of pollinators due to herbicide spraying

Front 38

The cyarring capacity of the environment is determine by

Back 38

the sustainable supply of resources it provides

Front 39

The age structure diagram for the human population in the Mexico is pyramid shaped. This tyep of age structre represents a ____ population

Back 39

rapidly growing

Front 40

Which of the following statements fits the exponential population growth model?

Back 40

the model predices a continuously accelerating rate of increase (or decrease) as a function of the population size

Front 41

WHich of the following is an ecosystem service that humans receive from a biologically diverse world

Back 41

recreation, flood control, pollination, medicine, oxygen replenishment

Front 42

In yellowstone park, the removal of wolves had a wide-reaching negative effect on the level of biodiversity. Since the biodiversity of these communties depends on the presence of wovles, they are considered to be

Back 42

Keystone Species

Front 43

The characteristics of bacteria are_____.

Back 43

Binary fission, rods, spheres, sprials, mutualisms, decomposition, pathogens

Front 44

Your leftovers have a high likelihood of gorwing modly because fungi

Back 44

reproduce using highly mobile spores

Front 45

Which statement about virsuses is true?

Back 45

They include some forms that are able to attack bacteria

Front 46

A fungus that produces spores on basidia belongs to the group called

Back 46

club fungi

Front 47

Fungi affect humans in all the following ways

Back 47

Some fungi cause human diseases, some fungi cause disease of plants that are important to humans, fungi are used as a food and in food production, fungi produce some antibiotics.

Front 48

What is the basic thread-like basic structural element of fungus?

Back 48

hypha

Front 49

These are all correctly matched:

Back 49

Diatoms-silica shells
Giant Kelp- brown algae
Amoeba-pseduopods
Green alage-relatives to land plants

Front 50

Which of the following is excreted by the urinary system?

Back 50

water, salts, urea, carbon dixoide, excess vitamins

Front 51

Urine leaves the bladder through a single narrow tube called

Back 51

urethra

Front 52

the kidney is composed of millions of individual functioanl untis called

Back 52

nephrons

Front 53

FIltrate is initially collected in the ____ before passing through the remaineder of the nephron tubule

Back 53

Bowman's capsule

Front 54

The process of tubular reabsorption

Back 54

occurs primarily in the proximal tubule to take nurtrients and water out of the tubule

Front 55

Urea is formed from ammonia which is a product of the breakdown of

Back 55

proteins

Front 56

On a hot dry day, when you have experienced water loos and dehydration, your body will produced _____ urine due to an ____ release of ADH

Back 56

concentrated; increased

Front 57

___ is the most often used filter the blood when kidneys no longer function

Back 57

Hemodialysis

Front 58

Which is the human body's first line of defense agaisnt microbial attack?

Back 58

External barriers

Front 59

Cell-mediated immuntiy is provided by

Back 59

T cells

Front 60

Which type of cell secretes antibodies

Back 60

plasma cells

Front 61

What tyep of cell stimulates both humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity

Back 61

helper T cell

Front 62

How are antigens recognized by T cells?

Back 62

T-cell receptors recognize and bind to antigens

Front 63

During conal selection, what is cloned?

Back 63

a particular B-cell that is selected by the particular antigen

Front 64

Whichpart of your immune system targets cancer cells?

Back 64

Cell mediated immunity

Front 65

Vaccinations are effective because they stimulate the production of

Back 65

memory cells

Front 66

These are all part of the inflammatory response

Back 66

presence of histamine, sweeling, mast cells, and redness

Front 67

An extreme allergic response known as anaphylactic shock is teh result of

Back 67

an incorrect response by the person's immune system, the production of the wrong type of antibodies in response to an allergen, the massive release of histamine resulting in large fluid loss from capilarries

Front 68

The following connective tissue are found in skin

Back 68

dermis, adipose tissue, and blood

Front 69

Which of these are likely locations for epithelial tissues

Back 69

lining the mouth, lining the uterine tubes, in capillairies, lining the trachea

Front 70

With teh exception of blood and lymph, connective tissues contain flexible, fibrous stands of

Back 70

collagen

Front 71

Sensory receptors in the skin are classified as ___ tissue

Back 71

nervous

Front 72

The hypothalamus is the ____ involved in the homeostatic control of body temperature

Back 72

control center

Front 73

If the action by effectors is to intensify a change in the body then ____ feedback has occured

Back 73

positive

Front 74

The following are functions of the skin

Back 74

Protection, Maintenance of body temperature, Synthsis of Vitamin D3

Front 75

Reptriles, amphibians, and most fish are invertebrates are ___ since they gain most of their heat from the environment

Back 75

ectotherms

Front 76

The sounds of the heart are result of

Back 76

the closing of teh valves in the heart

Front 77

BLood from throughout the body returns to the heart and enters the

Back 77

right atrium

Front 78

Which is the correct sequence of events in the cardiac cycle

Back 78

atrai contract-> ventricle contract--> heart relaxes

Front 79

Contraction of the left ventricle forces blood into

Back 79

the aorta

Front 80

The contraction of the heart is initiated by the

Back 80

SA node

Front 81

Which of the following components of blood plasma participate in blood clotting?

Back 81

fibrinogen

Front 82

Which cellular component of the blood carries large quantities of the protein hemoglobin

Back 82

erythrocytes

Front 83

Which of the following vessels have valves inside?

Back 83

veins

Front 84

Which vessels are composed of only a single layer of endothelial cells

Back 84

capillaries

Front 85

Which of the following groups has a 4 chambered heart?

Back 85

birds

Front 86

What is the function of a lymph node?

Back 86

the filter lymph and destroy foreign particles

Front 87

Which of the following are part of the lymphatic system?

Back 87

lymph, lymph vessles, spleen, and thymus

Front 88

To reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease you should reduce

Back 88

your weight, your blood holestorl, your blood pressure if it is high

Front 89

The hormone involved in regulating red blood cell production is

Back 89

EPO

Front 90

Which is the best answer to the question "how does breathing support cellular respiration?"

Back 90

All of the body cells need oxygen for cellular respiration and produced carbod dioxide as waste

Front 91

Air moves by ___ through the nostrils, down the trachea, through the bronchi, and bronchioles and into the alveoli

Back 91

bulk flow

Front 92

Which of the following protects your respiratory tract from foreign materials?

Back 92

nosehair, mucus, cilia, and epiglottis

Front 93

In the lungs carbon dixoide and oxygen exchange occurs by

Back 93

diffusion

Front 94

In the lungs, an enormous surface area for gas exchagne is provided by the

Back 94

alveoli

Front 95

After passing through the larynx, inhaled air enters the

Back 95

Trachea

Front 96

In the blood, oxygen is attached to ___ for transport

Back 96

hemoglobin

Front 97

____ in the medulla of the brain recieves information on blood carbon dixodie levels and adjusts breathing rate accordingly

Back 97

the respiratory center

Front 98

All the following are truw

Back 98

nicotine--Stimulate--increases the heart rate
Carbon monoxide--impair oxygen delivery
Nicorine--addictive

Front 99

During inhalation

Back 99

The thoracic cavity volume increases

Front 100

A person who's diet is deficient in one or more of the 9 essentail amino aicds woul be

Back 100

malnourished

Front 101

which of the following nutrients do not provide energy for animals?

Back 101

vitamins

Front 102

Which task of the human digestive system take place in the stomach?

Back 102

mechanical and cehmcial breakdown

Front 103

Which of the following secretions aid in chemical breakdown in the samll intestine?

Back 103

pancreatic juice and bile

Front 104

A wad of food called a bolus would travel

Back 104

from the mouth to stomach

Front 105

Peristalis is

Back 105

coordinated contractions of smooth muscle of the digestive tract

Front 106

Which structure mixes food with secretion to form chyme

Back 106

stomach

Front 107

The function of villi and microvilli is to increase the ____ in the _____.

Back 107

surface area, small intestine

Front 108

The digestive organ with the lowest pH is the

Back 108

stomach

Front 109

The process used by sporophytes to produce spores is called

Back 109

meiosis

Front 110

Which stage in the plant life cycle are diploid

Back 110

sporophyte

Front 111

What feautres do green algae have in common with plants

Back 111

store food as starch, photosynthetic pigments, cellulose cell walls

Front 112

Two features that evolved in land plants to protect against desiccation and allow gas exchange

Back 112

cuticle and stomata

Front 113

You discover a plant that has root like structures, swimming sperm and disperses with spores. No vascular tissue, seed bearing strucutres or pollen are found. This plant would most likely be placed with the

Back 113

sporophtes

Front 114

What is the advantage of producing seeds?

Back 114

Protects the embryo and maintains dormancy

Front 115

Gymnosperm differ from ferns in that gymnosperns

Back 115

produce seeds, and have pollen

Front 116

Which plant group is the most diverse and has domianted the Earth for more than 100 million years

Back 116

angiosperms

Front 117

Plant gametophytes produce

Back 117

gametes

Front 118

Which process is rueqired to restore diploid life stage during alternation of generations?

Back 118

Fertilization

Front 119

Dermal tissue might have

Back 119

stomata, cuticle, leaf hairs, root hairs, and cork

Front 120

Which tissue type is found in a typical plant leaf

Back 120

dermal, vascular, and ground

Front 121

Which plant tissue makes up the bulk of the stem in a non-woody plant?

Back 121

gound tissue

Front 122

Which tissue makes up the bulk of the stem in a woody plant

Back 122

vascular tissue

Front 123

Which tissue is composed of tracheids, vessels, parenchyma, and schlerenchyma

Back 123

xylem tissue

Front 124

Which is the priamry site of photosynthesis

Back 124

leaf ground tissue consisting of parenchyma cells with chloroplasts

Front 125

___ cells are active in cell division and allow for plant growth

Back 125

Meristem

Front 126

In primary growth, shoots grow taller and roots grow longer by activity of the _____

Back 126

apical meristem

Front 127

If you were studying a plant which had only primary growth and no secondary growth, it would not have any

Back 127

development of thicker woody branches

Front 128

Based on how growth rings form,trees in which of these locations are likely to NOt have obvious gorwth rings in their secondary xylem?

Back 128

Central America

Front 129

If bark were stripped from around at tree in a process known as girdling

Back 129

the plant would be uanble to transport sugars to the roots

Front 130

The majority of water and dissolved minerals absorbed by aplant is first taken up by the

Back 130

root hairs

Front 131

Which root process requires active transport

Back 131

Uptake of most minerals

Front 132

Which of the following is teh driving forec behind water movement within the xylem

Back 132

Transpiration through the stomata

Front 133

When ____ cells swell with water, the ___ will open

Back 133

gaurd cells, stomata

Front 134

The evaporation and loss of water through the leaves of a plant is called

Back 134

transpiration

Front 135

How do sugar molecules enter the seive tube members of the phloem

Back 135

active transport

Front 136

If leaves are a source of sugars and the fruit is a sink for sugar, what region of the phloem has teh highest concentration of sugars and water

Back 136

the pholem in the leaf end

Front 137

Mechanisms of seed and fruit dispersal include

Back 137

wind and air curretns, water mechanical expulsion, buried by ants, attached to animal fur and hoof, in the digestive tract of animals,

Front 138

When a bee gets nectar from a flower, the bee picks up pollen from the ___ and carries it to another flower

Back 138

anthers

Front 139

Reproduction in flowering plants uses double fertilization which means

Back 139

one sperm nucleus fuses with one egg, and another sperm nucleus fuses with two haploid nuclei to form the endosperm

Front 140

Which structres are haploid

Back 140

microspores, megaspores, pollen grains

Front 141

Male gametophytes develop inside the

Back 141

anther

Front 142

The close evolution of angiosperms and pollinators is called

Back 142

coevolution

Front 143

The primary function of a flower's ___ are to attract pollinators

Back 143

petals

Front 144

Protective coverings for the flower bud are called

Back 144

sepals

Front 145

Where does an embryonic plant obtain food

Back 145

from the endosperm

Front 146

The function of the furit is

Back 146

dispersal of the seed

Front 147

As fruits and seeds develop, all of the following transitions occur

Back 147

an embryonic plant growth from teh zygote, a seed coat forms around the embryo and its food supply, the ovules become the seed

Front 148

Many "vegetables" such as squash and tomatoes are actually furits because they

Back 148

develop from the ovary of the flower

Front 149

a dormant seed

Back 149

allows an embryo to become inactive and survive environmental fluctuations

Front 150

Many desert angiosperms require large amoutns of rain to remove ____ from their seeds to break dormancy

Back 150

abscisic acid

Front 151

Roots turn downward in a process known as

Back 151

positive gravitropsim

Front 152

Positive phototropism in stems is due to the effect of

Back 152

auxin

Front 153

Flowering in many angiosperms is influenced by

Back 153

the length of day versus night

Front 154

Pytochrom is a ___ that helps plant detect light

Back 154

pigment

Front 155

Flowering in short night plants would mostly likely occur

Back 155

near the summer solstice

Front 156

The benefit to a plant of coordinating fruit ripening and seed maturation is

Back 156

seeds do not get removed from the plant before they are mature

Front 157

One rotten apple spoils the whole barrel because teh rotting (over-ripe) apple produces

Back 157

ethylene

Front 158

Which plant cehcmical may trigger flowering?

Back 158

Florigen

Front 159

A shoots apex effect of keeping the lateral buds dormant is termed apical

Back 159

dominance

Front 160

At the close of the grwoin season, ____ occurs in leaves of some trees and is followed by abscission

Back 160

senesence

Front 161

What is teh evolutionary advantage to tobacco plants of producing nicotine

Back 161

Defense agaisnt hervibory

Front 162

What is responsible for ensuring that the relative growth rate of the roots does not overwhelm the grwoth rate of the shoots and vice versa

Back 162

auxin and cytokinin

Front 163

Which type of signal is responsible for the rapid movment of plant leaves of the mimosa?

Back 163

Electrical