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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the two major types of information stored in a gene?
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The transcriptional regulatory region or promoter that tells the cell when to turn the gene on or off (at what stage of development) and in what cell and tissue types to express the encoded information)
The coding region, which contains the information about which protein to make; the arrangement of the codons determines the sequence of amino acids that will be strung together at the ribosomes during translation. |
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what is EcoRI?
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a endonuclease enzyme isolated from strains of E. coli, and is part of the restriction modification system.
In molecular biology, it is a commonly used restriction enzyme. It creates sticky ends with 5' end overhangs. The nucleic acid sequence where the enzyme cuts is GAATTC, which is a palindrome as the complementary sequence is CTTAAG. |
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what are the general steps for gene cloning?
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1. A piece of foreign DNA is isolated and prepared by restriction digestion for insertion into an appropriate cloning vector.
2. The foreign DNA is assembled into the cloning vector. 3. The newly formed rDNA in mobilized into bacteria to reproduce more copies. 4. The transformed bacteria are grown under conditions designed to select for the cells containing rDNA. 5. The rDNA can be isolated from the bacteria and used for a variety of purposes. |
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what methods are present for gene introduction in plant cells?
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(1) Microinjection - the process of directly injecting foreign DNA into cells usually with the aid a microcapillary (very fine pipette) and a microscope.
(2) Electroporation – the direct introduction of DNA into a cell by treating the cell with brief pulses of electrical current (3) Biolistics - the direct delivery of DNA coated metal particles into the cell using a particle accelerator (gene gun). (4) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation – vector mediated delivery of DNA into a cell using a “disarmed” version of the naturally occurring plant pathogen. |
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what are the three major areas of biotechnology to improve agronomic traits?
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(1) improved crop quality (herbicide/pest/disease resistances, environmental stress tolerance, modification of post-harvent physiology -- delayed ripening, prevent potato sweetening, altered cell wall composition)
(2) improved nutritional content/health (3) alternative non-food uses |
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what are some examples of nutritional plant improvements?
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vitamin content (C, E, beta-carotene)
minerals (Fe, P, Ca) secondary metabolites (anticancer compounds, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phenolics) fatty-acid and oil composition (levels of sat/non-sat fatty acids, degree of saturation, novel fats/oils) enhanced AA/protein composition (high lysin corn, sulfure/methionine-rich bean products) |
