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68 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
What is another name for Red Blood Cells?
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Erythrocytes
or RBCs |
Pg. 182
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What is another name for White Blood Cells?
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Leukocytes
or WBCs |
Pg. 182
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What is another name for Platelets?
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Thrombocytes
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Pg. 182
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What is the name of the liquid portion of blood and what does it contain?
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Plasma
It contains proteins, dissolved organic molecules and many ions. |
Pg. 182
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What do the formed elements of blood include?
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Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells Platelets |
Pg. 182
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What is term for the production of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets?
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Hematopoiesis
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Pg. 182
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Where is the active hematopoietic tissue found in adults?
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1. Skull
2. Ribs 3. Vertebrae (spine) 4. Upper ends of long bones in arm and legs 5. Pelvis |
Pg. 182
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What is the function of the bloods ability to clot a function of?
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It relates to the function of platelets and of clotting factors in the blood plasma.
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Pg. 182
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What is the measurement of the proportion of red blood cells to total volume of blood of given blood sample called?
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Hematocrit
or Packed Red Cell Volume |
Pg. 182
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What is a normal Hematocrit measurement?
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45%
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Pg. 182
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A Hematocrit will __________ if there are more red blood cells or if there is a _________ in the volume of plasma.
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Increase
Decrease |
Pg. 182
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What is the name of the layer of white blood cells called and where does it form in reference to the column of packed red blood cells?
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Buffy Coat
On the top of the column of packed red blood cells |
Pg. 183
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What is the name of the liquid portion from clotted blood called?
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Serum
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Pg. 183
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What substance makes up the majority of plasma?
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Water approximately 91%
9% = dissolved ions and organic molecules, such as proteins, glucose, and urea. |
Pg. 183
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What substance accounts for most of the plasma proteins and where is it made?
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Albumin (60-80%)
It is made in the liver |
Pg. 183
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What plasma protein (s) in clued carrier proteins that transport nonpolar molecules and non polar hormones?
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Alpha Globulins
and Beta Globulins |
Pg. 183
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What plasma protein include antibody proteins produced and secreted by lymphocytes?
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Gamma Globulins
or Immunoglobulins (Ig) |
Pg. 183
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What is the name of the process that can separate plasma proteins?
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Plasma Protein Electrophoresis
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Pg. 183
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What kind of charge do plasma proteins have?
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Negative charge
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Pg. 183
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What properties of plasma proteins dictate how the will migrate through the mesh of the plastic in Plasma Protein Electrophoresis?
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The Strength of their negative charge
and Their Size |
Pg. 183
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Which plasma protein would migrate the farthest in Plasma Protein Electrophoresis, Albumin or Gamma Globulins?
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Albumin
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Pg. 183
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What do RBCs lack and how does this affect the life span of these cells?
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RBCs lack Nuclei and Mitochondria
As a result they have a life span of about 120 days in the blood |
Pg. 183
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Where are some of the places that phagocytic cells are located that remove older RBCs?
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1. The Spleen
2. The Bone Marrow 3. The Liver |
Pg. 183
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What is the name of the red iron-containing pigment in RBCs?
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Hemoglobin
|
Pg. 183
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How many hemoglobin molecules does each RBC contain approximately?
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280 million
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Pg. 183
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What is the name of the condition that refers to an abnormally low Erythrocyte count and or Hemoglobin concentration and Hematocrit?
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Anemia
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Pg. 184
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What is the production of RBCs called and where does it occur?
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Erythropoiesis
It occurs in the Bone Marrow or Myeloid Tissue |
Pg. 184
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Approximately how many RBCs does the Myeloid Tissue produce each day?
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200 Billion
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Pg. 184
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What is the name of the hormone that simulates the production of RBCs by the myeloid tissue and what structure secretes this hormone?
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Erythropoietin (EPO)
It is secreted by the kidneys |
Pg. 184
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What is the secretion of the hormone EPO stimulated by?
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It is stimulated by a fall in the blood oxygen concentration
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Pg. 184
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What are some reasons that could result in low blood oxygen?
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1. High Altitude
2. Lung Disease 3. Anemia |
Pg. 184
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What is the term given to define any method of increasing the normal supply of RBCs for the purpose of delivering oxygen more efficiently?
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Blood Doping
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Pg. 184
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What is the general function of Leuckocytes?
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They function in immunity
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Pg. 184
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What are the names of the 2 groups of WBCs?
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Granular Leukocytes
Nongranular Leukocytes or Agranular Leukocytes |
Pg. 184
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What is the name of the most common type of WBC and what division of Leukocyte is it?
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Neutrophils
or Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes or PMNs Neutrophils = Granular Leukocytes |
Pg. 184
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_______ are phagocytic cells which can leave the blood and enter the connective tissues, however they do not undergo a transformation.
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Neutrophils
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Pg. 184
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What is “Pus” usually an accumulation of?
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It is usually an accumulation of living and dead neutrophils, necrotic tissue and microbes.
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Pg. 184
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What type of Granular Leukocyte contains histamine and other chemicals that are important in inflammation?
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Eosinophils
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Pg. 184
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What is the name of the rarest type of WBC, what does it contain and what division of Leukocyte is it?
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Basophils
They contain Heparin Basophils = Granular Leukocytes |
Pg. 184
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What is the second most common type of WBC and what division of Leukocyte is it?
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Lymphocytes
or A type of WBC that secretes Gamma Globulins Lymphocytes = Nongranular Leukocytes |
Pg. 183-184
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What type of immunity are Lymphocytes involved in?
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They are involved with specific immunity
or Immune attacks directed at specific molecules known as Antigens |
Pg. 184
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_________ are phagocytic cells which can enter the connective tissues, however once this occurs they under go a transformation.
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Monocytes
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Pg. 185
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What are monocytes called once the enter the connective tissues?
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They are called Macrophages
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Pg. 185
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What produces all of the WBCs?
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The Myeloid tissue of the bone marrow
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Pg. 185
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What is the name of the protein that regulates each type of Leukcocyte?
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Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF)
|
Pg. 185
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What other type of tissue besides myeloid tissue can produce the second most common type of leuckocyte and where is this tissue found?
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Lymphoid Tissue
Lymph Nodes Spleen Thymus |
Pg. 185
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What is Lymphoid tissue derived from?
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It is derived from cells that had seeded the lymphoid tissue from the bone marrow in the past.
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Pg. 185
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What type of condition is often associated with a significantly increased buffy coat when a hematocrit is performed?
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Leukemia
|
Pg. 185
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What are Platelets actually a fragment of?
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They are fragments of cells called Megakaryocytes
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Pg. 185
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What is the average platelet count per cubic millimeter of blood?
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130,000 – 400,000
|
Pg. 185
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How long do platelets survive in the blood before being destroyed by the spleen and liver?
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About 5 – 9 days
|
Pg. 185
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Someone with blood type A, has want type of RBC antigens?
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Antigen A
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Pg. 185
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What blood type will a person have if they have no antigens on their RBCs?
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Type O
|
Pg. 185
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What blood type will a person have if they have both types of antigens on their RBCs?
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Type AB
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Pg. 185
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A person with what blood type will have no type A or B antibodies?
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Type AB
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Pg. 186
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A person with what blood type will have antibodies for both A and B?
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Type O
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Pg. 186
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A person with what blood type will have antibodies against type B?
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Type A
|
Pg. 186
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A person with what blood type will have antibodies against type A?
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Type B
|
Pg. 186
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What are would someone who receives transfusions of an incompatible Blood cells exhibit?
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1. Fever
2. Chills 3. Kidney Failure 4. Shock 5. A Sense of Impending Doom 6. Death |
Pg. 186
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What is the process of determining the antigens on unknown RBCs known as?
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Forward Blood Typing
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Pg. 186
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What is the process of determining the antibodies in unknown plasma with known RBCs known as?
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Reverse Blood Typing
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Pg. 186
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Which blood type is the universal donor?
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Type O
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Pg. 186
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Which blood type is the universal recipient?
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Type AB
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Pg. 186
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What percent of the U.S. population is Rh positive?
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85% = Rh positive
15% = Rh negative |
Pg. 187
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True or False. There are no naturally occurring antibodies present in the Rh blood group system.
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True
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Pg. 187
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What substance will increase if Rh antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the unborn child’s RBCs and what can this lead to?
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This would lead to a dramatic increase in a toxic yellow breakdown product of hemoglobin called Bilirubin.
Excess bilirubin can lead to Jaundice and Kernicterus |
Pg. 187
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What can mild cases of jaundice be treated by?
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Mild cases can be treated with broad spectrum light (phototherapy)
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Pg. 187
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How are more serious cases of jaundice treated?
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More serious cases can be treated by giving the baby an Exchange Blood transfusion to temporarily change its blood type.
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Pg. 187
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