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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 2 characteristics of
the Lymphatic System |
1. Production of lymphocytes (which fight infectious diseases)
2. Filters blood & lymph (to remove microorganisms) |
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Define Lymphadenitis
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Inflammation of the lymph nodes;
which causes them to become enlarged and tender. -Inflammation is an indication that microorganisms are being trapped within lymph nodes |
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Define Lymphangitis
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-inflammation of the lymphatic vessels
-Results in visible red streaks in the skin that extend away from the site of infection |
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Define Septicemia
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Blood poisioning that results when microorganisms pass thru lymphatic vessels & nodes to reach the blood.
[Presence of bacteria in the blood, often associated with severe infections] |
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What causes Bubonic plague?
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Yersinia pestis, bacterial localized in lymph nodes causing them to enlarge
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How is Bubonic plague transferred?
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It is transferred from rats to humans by the bite of a flea (Xenopsylla)
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The term bubonic is derived from a Greek word referring to what?
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Referring to the groin because the disease often causes the inguinal lymph nodes of the groin to swell.
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Describe what happens to the Yersinia pestis bacteria if one does not undergo treatment
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The bacteria enter the blood, multiply, and infect tissues thoughout the body, rapidly causing death in 70-90% of those infected.
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Large numbers of people were killed by the Bubonic plague in Europe. Which centuries did this take place?
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-6th
-14th -19th |
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Why do such few cases of Bubonic plague occur today?
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1. Improved sanitation
2. Advent of antibiotics |
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Define Lymphadema
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Abnormal accumulation of lymph in tissues, often the upper or lower limbs due to disruption of lymph flow.
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List 4 characteristics of
Primary Lymphadema? |
1. Caused by developmental defect of the lymphatic system that generally affects lower limbs
2. It can be manifested any time in life 3. For unknown reasons, it occurs primarily in women (70-90% of cases). 4. Some primary lymphademas are inherited. |
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Hereditary lymphedema type I
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(a.k.a. Milroy syndrome)
-Mapped to mutations of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 gene and chromosome 5. |
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What does activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor 3 gene and chromosome 5 on endothelial cells cause?
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causes the proliferation of lymphatic vessels, but not blood vessels.
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What causes the proliferation of lymphatic vessles, but not blood vessels?
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Activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 gene and chromosome 5 on endothelial cells
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What causes Secondary lymphadema?
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It is caused by a disease or another pathologic condition that affects an otherwise normal lymphatic system
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In the U.S., secondary lymphadema is most commonly caused by pr results from what?
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It is caused by certain cancer treatments
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Worldwide, secondary lymphadema is caused by or results from what?
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It is caused by a parasitic infection of the lymphatic system called elephantiasis.
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What agent is most responsible for elephantiasis?
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Wuchereria bancrofti (long slender round worms)
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How do long, slender roundworms (Wuchereria bancrofti) cause lymphadema?
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Adult worms lodge in the lymphatic vessels and block lymph flow. The resulting accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces and lymphatic vessels can cause permanent swelling and enlargement of a limb.
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What is the most dramatic form of lymphedema and how many people have this disorder?
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Elephantiasis, Over 120 million people
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Why is elephantiasis named as such?
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The affected limb supposedly resembles and elephant's leg, the basis for its name.
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How is elephantiasis transferred?
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The offspring of the adult worms pass through the lymphatic system into the blood, from which they can be transferred to another human by mosquitoes.
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Define Lymphoma
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A neoplasm (tumor) of lymphatic tissue.
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Lymphomas are usually divided into what two groups?
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1. Hodgkin disease
2. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (all other lymphomas) |
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How do lymphomas begin?
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Begin as an enlarged, painless mass of lymph nodes. The immune system is depressed, and the patient has an increased susceptibility to infections.
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What are the complications of swollen lymph nodes?
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Enlargement of the lymph nodes can compress surrounding structures and produce complications.
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What kinds of treatments are effective for many people who suffer from lymphoma?
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Treatment with drugs & radiation
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