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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Causes of habitat fragmentation
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“Habitat fragmentation occurs when areas of continuous
habitat are reduced to a set of smaller remnants isolated by a structurally dissimilar matrix” Cox et al. 2003 Causes: • Agricultural/pastoral development • Forestry development • Urban development • Natural disasters |
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General consequences
for wildlife |
• Reduction in overall available habitat
• Fragmentation of remaining habitat -matrix usually offers resistance to spp. movement * Degradation of remaining habitat (reduction in quality)- weed incursion, dumping of waste * New threats form within matrix * New habitats and resources created |
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Landscape-specific consequences
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• Effects of fragmentation depends on the land use between patches
• Movement of wildlife between patches depends upon how hostile the intervening matrix is to them. • Matrix resistance varies greatly between landscapes |
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Agricultural v urban landscares
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Ag- larger, distance between patches is greater
Urban- more hostile, habitat edges are harder Matrix threats different ie) urban, traffic; ag, feral predators |
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General trends in wildlife survival
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***** Survivors tend to be habitat and/or dietary generalists
i.e. adaptable critters • Mammals particularly hard hit - habitat specialists, low pre-disturbance densities, stochastic reproductive output (fluctuates) • Survivors have altered ecologies as amt of home ranges decreases densities increase |
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Loosers
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Losers –
extinct in Brisbane - Potoroo - Rock wallaby - Bettong - Spotted tailed quoll - Tube-nosed bat |
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Fringe dwellers
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Greater glider
Phascogale Platypus Macropods (kangaroos and wallabies) Black-striped wallaby Grey kangaroo Antechinus Dunnart Planigale Dasyurids |
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Winners
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Brushtail possum
Ringtail possum Flying foxes Grey-headed FF Black FF Neighbors (survive in patches)- Squirrel glider Water rat Swamp rat Echidna Koala Swamp wallaby Northern brown bandicoot |
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The northern brown bandicoot
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• marsupial (8 teats)
• 1.5-3 kg • ground-dwelling • solitary & territorial • habitat generalist • opportunistic omnivore (mostly eats grubs/tubers in soil) • Enormous reproductive potential |
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The northern brown bandicoot: Distribution
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•69 patches surveyed
•size range (<1ha to >360ha) •80% small (<10ha) •60% on a creekline •habitat features recorded Bandicoot distribution 33 of 69 patches occupied (48%) |
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Functional connectivity
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Incorporates the combined
effects of: 1. Landscape structure 2. The species ability to use and move within the various landscape elements Therefore, any measure of functional connectivity must be both landscape-and species-specific. MOST IMPORTANT THING in having a good habitat |
