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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Avifauna overview
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High diversity
~760 spp native and natural migrants Many 'terrestrial' birds restrivted to OZ and New Guinea cant fly orig in OZ --> asia when they collided and some came into OZ no other representatives in the world, means they originated here |
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Traditional theory
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Extant avian fauna formed from series of invasions from Asia via Indonesia and New Guinea, ~90 MYA
BUT now know that 90MYA in the cretaceous OZ was thousands of miles away from asia --> prob not correct |
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Australia's first bird
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Early cretaceous of S Victoria (115MYA)
maybe a featherd dino |
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Origin of modern avifauna
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*Derived from:
Gondwana African/Asian *Asian/Austro-Papua fauna and flora are separated by Wallace and Weber's lines *Now know- derived from a combination of ancient Gondwanan stock and more recent invasions from Asia/africa via the indonesia archipelago *most i from ancient Gondwanan origin emus and casuaries moas and kiwis ostrich rhea parrots kingfishers passerines |
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Wallace's line/Weber's line
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elephants VS marsupials
Line of australian plate and SE asia plate Causes a trench of deep water Weber's line-not as distint |
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Passerines
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Perching Birds
Tendon in legs allow them to perch 58% of living birds (5247 of 9021 spp) ~308 spp native to Australia Gondwana origin ~85-90 MYA from DNA hybridization and sequencing 3 Sub orders Acanthisittidae Oligomyodi Passers |
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Acanthisittidae
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New Zealand wrens seperated first ~82-85MYA when NZ broke away from Gondwanaland
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Oligomyodi
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'suboscines'
evolved in western Gondwanaland (africa/india/southA) ~80MYA *Only Australian- 4 spp of Pitta recent arrival (~40000MYA) inhabit rainforests feed on giant panda snails Started in old world -> asia -> australia |
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Passers
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oscines
song birds evolved in OZ when it seperated from antartica ~35-40 MYA 55-60MYA split into 2 subgroups 1. corvida 2. passerida |
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Corvida
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Australian song birds ~250 OZ spp
Most confined to OZ/New Guinea Groups Menuroidae Meliphagoidea Corvoidea |
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Passerida
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Old world insect eaters
New world insect eaters Finches ~40 OZ spp |
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History of Corvida
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Found in other continents because they are derived from ancestors that escaped OZ 20-30MYA
Some returned and re-invaded OZ via I archipelago ~10MYA |
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Menuroidae (1)
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Lyrebirds(2)- imitate noises
Bowerbirds(6)- males make a bower: collect debris and scatter it around to attract the females Tree Creepers(6) |
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Super Family Meliphagoidea
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Honey Eaters (57)
Australian Robins (19) Fairy-wrens(9), Emu-wrens(2), Grass-wrens(8) Thornbills(25) Pardalotes(5) Scrub-wrens(9) Australian magpies, butcherbirds and currawongs (8) Crow and Ravens (5) Orioles, figbirds, cucoo-shrikes and trillers(11) |
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Super family Corvidae
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Magpielarks and monarch-flycatchers (13)
whistlers and strike thrushes (14) fantails(4) |
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Passerida
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Swallows(6)
White eyes (3) Old world warblers (9) Grass finches (15spp) Austro-papuan origion- moved into asia and radiated to Africa and NAmerica before reinvading OZ |
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Rattites
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Emu
Cassowary |
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Megapodes
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'mound-builders'
Brush turkeys Malle-fowl- mound from sand Temp of mound determines sex hot female, cold male |
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Parrots, cockatoos, rosellas and lorikeets
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56 spp
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Kingfishers
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Alecdinidea
10 spp ie) Kookaburra |
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Nomadism
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To survive unpredictable rainfall in arid zone
1. Australian Pelican (Pelecanus conspicillatus) When lake Eyre floods (~10years) juge breeding colonies of pelicans arrive When the lake dries up, they peace out to the coast 2. Seed eating birds (zebra finches, budgerigars and galahs) Follow recent rains in the arid zone as grasses and shrubs are producing seeds in abundance Seeds dont have water so they drink every 203days- visit dams and waterholes |
