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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain how water gets produced during cellular respiration.
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The ETC accepts electrons from the first two stages of and then the electons combine with oxygen and hydrogen forming H20.
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How do the energetic electrons carried by NADH get converted to ATP?
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NADH transports their electrons to the ETC, energy is then used to pump H+ to Chemiosmosis back into the matrix and pass through ATP synthase which phosphorylates ADP creating ATP.
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Water appears on both sides of the equation for Photosynthesis, why?
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It consumes 12 molecules of water and from that 6 molecules are produced.
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What are the stages of photosynthesis?
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1) Energy from the sunlight is harvested
2) Energy is used to make ATP and NADPH 3) CO2 is fixed and used to synthesize sugars |
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How is energy from sunlight converted to chemical energy?
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1) A photopigment and protein complex in the thyalkoid membrane, a series of electron excitations follow. Ultimately, the "rxn center" for chlorophjyll receieves this excitation energy and absorbs it. At this point the electon gets transferred.
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Why can photo pigments only harvest energy from certain wavelengths of light?
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Different wavelengths have photons of different energies. Each wavelengths corresponds to a pigment's available electron energy level. Certain wavelength can boost it up 2 levels, depending on the wavelength of light. But, sometimes they are inbetween levels and are only there temporarily.
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What do photosynthesis and aerobic respiration have in common?
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They both produce ATP, both have cycles, both are redox rxns and the ETC creates a gradient to produce ATP.
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Plants release O2 into the atmosphere, how is it generated?
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The oxygen is waste product. When light hits the chlorphyll, the electrons are excited to a higher energy states. CO2 is used to make sugars. H20 and light are used to make ATP and the by product is O2.
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Why do we say that CO2 is fixed in dark reactions?
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It is attached to a 5C organic molecule called RuBP to generate PGA.
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How are the structures of chloroplast and mitochondrion well suited to their respective functions?
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They both have double membranes and these help to create a gradient of protons. The gradient helps drive protons to ATP synthase and then yield ATP.
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Why are most plants green?
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They are green because of reflective light, not absorption light. Chlorophylls absorb photons with narrow energy ranges. There are 2 kinds of chlorophyll in plants to absorb violet-blue and red light. These pigments are not able to absorb photons with wavelengths of 500 and 600nm and as a result, light is reflected by plants giving off their green color.
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How have plants evolved to come with hot and dry environments?
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By CAM photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can proceed during the day while the stromata are closed, greatly reducing the water loss and the stroma are open at night. As a result, CAM provides alternative pathways for plants to reduce photosynthesis mechanisms to fix CO2 to fix photorespiration.
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