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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Triglycerides?
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Non-polar and hydrophobic lipids composed of a glycerol backbone bonded to three fatty acid chains by ester bonds formed through condensation reactions.
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What is a saturated fatty acid?
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(ex. palmitic acid) A fatty acid chain that doesn't have any double bonded carbon molecules, so it is fully saturated with hydrogen molecules. It is healthy because it has not bends/kinks.
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What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?
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(ex. oleic acid) A fatty acid chain with exactly one double bond between carbon molecules, which creates a bend/kink that takes the place of one hydrogen molecule.
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What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?
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(ex. linoleic acid) A fatty acid chain with 2 or more double bonds between carbon molecules, which takes the place of 2 or more hydrogen molecules and creates 2 or more bend/kinks, which makes the lipid take up more space so that it is less dense, and it more likely to be liquid at room temperature. These fatty acids are less healthy the more double bonds they have, because they take up more space in arteries and can cause clogs.
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What is a hexose?
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(ex. glucose) A monosaccharide sugar composed of six carbon molecules, usually found in ring form.
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What is a polysaccharide?
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(ex. starch, analose, and glycogen) A sugar composed of thousands of glucose units, bonded together by condensation reactions (producing water) between either the 1st and 4th glucose carbons (called alpha 1, 4 glycosidic linkage) or the 1st and 6th glucose carbons (called alpha 1, 6 glycosidic linkage). The arangement and amount of glucose branching determines the polysaccharide (ex. analose, plant starch, is not highly branched whereas glycogen, stored in animal livers and muscles, is highly branched). Polysacchrides are forms of stored energy that can easilly by hydrolyzed to produce glucose, which can be used in glycolysis, to form ATP and Pyruvate for other cellular processes.
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What is a Protein?
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(ex. Collagen, found in gelatin and leather, is formed by 3 alpha helices weaved together) Chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific structure of proteins, formed by the unique pattern of amino acids, is coded by DNA, and determines the specific function of the protein.
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What are Amino Acids?
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The 20 different amino acids found in humans all have identical n terminuses (H3N+) and c terminuses (COO-), but they have unique R-groups (also called Side Chains) that are either hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
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What is a Peptide Bond?
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When the N-terminus (H3N+) of one amino acid bonds to the C-terminus (COO-) of another, in a condensation reaction (producing water), forming a peptide bond between the CO and the HN.
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