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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which trimester of pregnancy is most critical? Why?
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The first trimester. Fetus' functions begin to form.
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How much do folate requirements increase during pregnancy? Why?
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Doubles. Nucleic acid intermediates form.
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What disorder may result during folate deficiency in pregnancy? Describe it.
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spina bifida (the backbone and spinal canal do not close before birth)
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The requirement of which mineral doubles during pregnancy? Explain why.
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Iron. Blood to support the fetus increases.
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Which vitamin in excess may be harmful to the fetus?
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Vitamin A
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Which 2 micronutrients enter the fetus at the expense of maternal stores?
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Vitamin C and iron
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Which 2 vitamins enter the fetus late in pregnancy?
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Vitamins E and K
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How much does the placenta weigh at parturition (childbirth)?
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1 kg, or 2.2 lbs
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Which stage of the early development is most critical? Explain why.
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Gestation. Organ formation.
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Which vitamin may prevent morning sickness? How much is needed?
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Vitamin B-6. 50 mg a day.
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Which heavy metal should be avoided during pregnancy? Why?
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Mercury. It can damage the fetal central nervous system.
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What is the cutoff for low birth weight infants?
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<5.5 lbs
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What are the 2 types of low birth weight infants?
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LBW, SGA
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Which type of low birth weight infants has most complications? Name one of these.
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SGA. Cerebral palsy.
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Name 2 groups of women at greatest obstetrical risk.
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Primiperous, multiparous
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Name another 2 groups of women at greatest obstetrical risk.
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Teens, women older than 35
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During which trimester does Preeclampsia occur and indicate its 3 signs.
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Third trimester. Albuminuria, hypertension, and edema.
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What 2 disorders accompany fetal alcohol syndrome?
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Irreversible mental retardation and physical deformities.
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How must gestational diabetes be treated? Why?
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Proper diet and physical activity. the baby can be born with low glucose levels.
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What 2 ingredients is colustrum high in?
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Antibodies and zinc
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What 2 fatty acids is breast milk high in?
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Omega-3 and GLA
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What are 2 advantages to the infant of breastfeeding?
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reduced incidence of food allergies, improved jaw development
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Which hormone is needed for ejection of milk? Where is it made?
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Oxytocin. Made in the hypothalamus.
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Which 2 substances can new born infants not tolerate in excess?
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Protein and sodium
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Which vitamin is needed by breast fed infants?
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Vitamin D
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Which mineral are most infants deficient in?
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Zinc
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Which mineral are premature infants deficient in?
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Selenium
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Which 2 foods should infants not be given due to choking?
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Popcorn, raw carrots
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Which food should infants not be given due to allergic reaction?
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Nuts, especially peanuts
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Which cereal is the least allergic?
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Rice cereal
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