Biol 2500 Test2

Front 1

The sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism

Back 1

Metabolism

Front 2

The breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones.
(release energy)

Back 2

Catabolism

Front 3

Term for producing more energy than is consumed

Back 3

Exergonic Reaction

Front 4

The building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones:

Back 4

Anabolism

Front 5

Term for consuming more energy than is produced:

Back 5

Endergonic Reaction

Front 6

Reaction that releases water:

Back 6

Anabolism

Front 7

Reaction that uses water to break chemical bonds:

Back 7

Catabolism

Front 8

Substances that can speed up a chemical reaction without being permanently altered themselves:

Back 8

Catalysts

Front 9

Serves as a biological catalysts in living cells:

Back 9

Enzymes

Front 10

Each enzyme act on a specific substance called:

Back 10

Substrate

Front 11

Example: The enzyme is sucrase, what is the substrate:

Back 11

Sucrose

Front 12

A region of an enzyme that interacts with a specific chemical reaction:

Back 12

Active Site

Front 13

An enzyme accelerates a reaction without an increase in:

Back 13

temperature

Front 14

Enzymes that removes hydrogen from a substrate is called:

Back 14

dehydrogenase

Front 15

Enzyme that adds oxygen to a substrate is called:

Back 15

Oxidase

Front 16

Protein portion of an enzyme:

Back 16

Apoenzyme

Front 17

Nonprotein portion of an enyzme:

Back 17

Cofactor

Front 18

Apoenzyme are activated by:

Back 18

Cofactor

Front 19

If the cofactor is an organic molecule it is called:

Back 19

Coenzyme

Front 20

Apoenzyme and cofactor combine to make the whole active enzyme known as:

Back 20

Holoenzyme

Front 21

A vitamin part of NAD molecule; active in electron transfers:

Back 21

Niacin

Front 22

A vitamin that is coenzyme in flavoproteins: active in electron transfers:

Back 22

Riboflavin (B2)

Front 23

Assist enzymes by removing electrons from the substrate and donating them to other molecules in subsequent reactions:

Back 23

Coenzymes

Front 24

NAD contains which coenzyme:

Back 24

Niacin

Front 25

FAD contains which coenzyme:

Back 25

Riboflavin

Front 26

Coenzyme that involves the metabolism of pyruvic acid and lipids:

Back 26

Pantothenic Acid

Front 27

Important enzyme that containes a dervative of Pantothenic Acid:

Back 27

Coenzyme A (CoA)

Front 28

Coenzyme that plays an important role in the synthesis and breakdown of fats and in a series of oxidizing reactions called the Krebs Cycle:

Back 28

CoA

Front 29

Metal ions are required by:

Back 29

Phosphorylating enzymes to form a link between the enzyme and ATP molecule

Front 30

Enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to another substrate:

Back 30

Phosphorylating enzymes

Front 31

The surface of the substrate contacts a specific region of the surface of the enzyme called:

Back 31

Active Site

Front 32

An increase in enzyme concentration will do what to the enzyme activity:

Back 32

Increase enzyme activity

Front 33

An increase in substrate concentration will do what to the enzyme activity:

Back 33

Peak then gradually fall

Front 34

As temperature increases the enzyme activity will:

Back 34

Increase and then become denatured if temp continues to increase

Front 35

As pH increases the enzyme activity will:

Back 35

Increase and then become denatured if pH continues to increase

Front 36

The loss of the enzymes characteristics is due to the enzyme:

Back 36

Denaturation

Front 37

Fill an active site of an enzyme and compete with the substrate

Back 37

Competitive Inhibitor

Front 38

A type of competitive inhibitor that prevents interaction with a substrate:

Back 38

Bind irreversible

Front 39

A type of competitive inhibitor that leaves the active site and slows down the interaction with the substrate:

Back 39

Bind reversible

Front 40

How can reversible competition inhibition be overcome?

Back 40

Increase [substrate]

Front 41

a Vitamin that functions as a coenzyme that if not synthesized bacteria cannot grow:

Back 41

Folic Acid

Front 42

an essential nutrient used by many bacteria in the synthesis of folic acid

Back 42

PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid)

Front 43

The name of a competitive inhibitor which inhibits PABA

Back 43

sulfanilamide (sulfa drug)

Front 44

An inhibitor that does not compete with the substrate for the active site:

Back 44

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Front 45

Where does the noncompetitive inhibitor bind:

Back 45

Allosteric Site

Front 46

Noncompetitive inhibitors cause the active site to:

Back 46

change shape, making it non functional.

Front 47

2 enzyme poisons that permanently inactivate enzymes:

Back 47

Cyanide and Fluoride

Front 48

Control mechanism that stops the cell from making more substance than it needs wasting chemical resources:

Back 48

Feedback inhibition
(end-product inhibition)
by binding to the allosteric site

Front 49

Heat-resistant and acid resistant protein produced by Streptococcus pyogenes:

Back 49

M Protein

Front 50

This protein mediates attachment of the bacterium to the epithelial cells of the host and helps resist phagocytosis of white blood cells increasing the bacterium virulence:

Back 50

M Protein

Front 51

bacteria use what to attach to host cells:

Back 51

Fimbriae and Opa

Front 52

This also increases virulence by resisting digestion by phagocytes:

Back 52

Waxy lipid

Front 53

Bacterial enzymes that coagulate the fibrinogen in blood:

Back 53

Coagulases

Front 54

Coagulases is produced by:

Back 54

Staphylococcus

Front 55

This bacterial enzyme break down fibrin and digest clots formed by the body:

Back 55

Streptokinase and Staphylokinase

Front 56

This bacterial enzyme hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid that holds together connective tissue:

Back 56

Hyaluronidase

Front 57

This bacterial enzyme breaks down the protein collagen and spreads gangrene

Back 57

Collagenase

Front 58

catabolism occurs where in prokaryotic cells:

Back 58

Cytoplasm

Front 59

catabolism occurs where in eukaryotic cells:

Back 59

Mitochondria