Biol 2120 Muscles Test

Front 1

Surrounding of entire muscle

Back 1

Epimysium

Front 2

layer covering fasicles

Back 2

Perimesium

Front 3

layer covering sarcolemas of individual muscle fibers

Back 3

Endomesium

Front 4

Cord like that fuses muscle to bone

Back 4

tendon

Front 5

Sheet like that fuses muscle to bone

Back 5

aponeuroses

Front 6

name of plasma membrane of a muscle

Back 6

Sarcolemma

Front 7

name of cytoplasm of a muscle

Back 7

sarcoplasm

Front 8

contractile fibers of muscles

Back 8

Myofibrils

Front 9

o2 storage pigment inside muscle

Back 9

myoglobin

Front 10

special type of smooth ER in muscles

Back 10

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 11

Sacs in the sarcoplasmic reticulum that serve as calcium storage

Back 11

Cisterns

Front 12

invaginations that extend from the sarcolemma down into the interior of the cell

Back 12

T-Tubules

Front 13

point of contact between axon ending of a motor neuron and the motor end plate

Back 13

Neuromuscular junction

Front 14

Synaptic vessicles in axon are filled with a neurotransmitter called

Back 14

Asetylcholine (ACh)

Front 15

Gap between the axon ending and motor end plate

Back 15

Synaptic Cleft

Front 16

Areas on the motor end plate that receive the acetylcholine:

Back 16

ACh Receptors

Front 17

The binding of ACh to the receptors triggers a

Back 17

Muscle Impulse

Front 18

A muscle impulse causes:

Back 18

Ca+ ions to be released from the cisterns from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 19

An enzyme embedded in the motor end plate that degrades ACh to acetate and choline

Back 19

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Front 20

Contractile fibers made of protein that lie parallel to eachother and extend the entire length of the cell:

Back 20

Myofibrils

Front 21

Myofibrils are made up of:

Back 21

Myofilaments

Front 22

3 types of myofilaments

Back 22

Thick
Thin
Elastic

Front 23

Name of thick myofilament

Back 23

Myosine

Front 24

Name of thin myofilament

Back 24

Actin

Front 25

Name of elastic myofilament

Back 25

titin

Front 26

2 types of proteins associated with Actin

Back 26

Troponin
and
Topomyosin

Front 27

Anchors thick filaments to Z discs

Back 27

Elastic Filaments (Titin)

Front 28

Myofibrils are organized into a series of repeating units called

Back 28

Sacromeres

Front 29

region between 2 Z discs

Back 29

Z- Lines

Front 30

Length of myosine

Back 30

A-Band

Front 31

Length between myosine

Back 31

H-zone

Front 32

Length from myosin to myosin

Back 32

I band

Front 33

portion of thick filament that projects towards thin filaments

Back 33

Myosin Heads

Front 34

When myosin heads bind to thin filaments (when muscles contract) they form:

Back 34

Rigor Bonds

Front 35

When myosin heads are at rest they are charged with:

Back 35

ATP

Front 36

An enzyme embedded in the myosin head

Back 36

Myosin ATPase

Front 37

ATPase splits ATP (hydrolosis) to:

Back 37

ADP and a Phosphate Group

Front 38

ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction causes the following to occur:

Back 38

Breaks Rigor Bonds
and
Recharges Myosin Heads

Front 39

Thin Filaments (Actin) is made up of 2 proteins called:

Back 39

Troponin
and
Tropomyosin

Front 40

Binding sites on the thin filaments for myosin heads are called:

Back 40

Myosin Binding Sites (MBS)

Front 41

This protein covers the Myosin Binding Sites (MBS)

Back 41

Tropomyosin

Front 42

Tropomyosin shifts off troponin when:

Back 42

Ca+ ions bind to troponin

Front 43

Ca+ ions are released from the cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 43

the cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 44

Ca+ Ions bind to

Back 44

Troponin

Front 45

One the rigor bond forms, the myosin heads swivel forward called a:

Back 45

Power stroke

Front 46

One the rigor bond forms and the myosin head swivels:

Back 46

ADP and Phosphate fall off the myosin head

Front 47

Relaxation:
Acetate and choline are recycled to:

Back 47

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Front 48

Relaxation:
ATP Breaks the:

Back 48

Rigor Bonds

Front 49

Relaxation:
How do the filaments slide back to their resting position:

Back 49

ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP +P by ATPase

Front 50

Shifting back of tropomyosin to cover the troponin is caused by:

Back 50

Ca+ ions falling off troponin

Front 51

Condition known as muscles stiffening after death:

Back 51

Rigor Mortis

Front 52

Rigor Mortis shows that:

Back 52

ATP is necessary for breaking of Rigor Bonds.

Front 53

An autoimmune disease in which the muscle fails to respond to nerve stimulus:

Back 53

Myasthenia Gravis

Front 54

2 types of muscle contractions:

Back 54

Isotonic
and
Isometric

Front 55

Type of muscle contraction that changes in length as it contracts to move a load:

Back 55

Isotonic

Front 56

2 types of Isotonic Contractions:

Back 56

Concentric
Eccentric

Front 57

Isotonic contraction that the muscle shortens as it does work:

Back 57

Concentric

Front 58

Isotonic contraction that the muscle lengthens as it does work:

Back 58

Eccetric

Front 59

Type of contraction where the muscle exerts a force as it contracts, but does not shorten
(Muscle produces tension against a load)

Back 59

Isotmetric

Front 60

2 types of Muscle Respose to Stimulus:

Back 60

Twitch
Tetany

Front 61

Applying a single stimulus and the muscle contracts once:

Back 61

Twitch

Front 62

State of a sustained muscle contraction, where the muscle contracts without relaxing:

Back 62

Tetany

Front 63

Firmness to a relaxed muscle is known as:

Back 63

Muscle Tone

Front 64

Exercises lasting 10 minutes or longer

Back 64

Aerobic

Front 65

Optimal strength and durance come from a blend of endurance and resistive exercise known as

Back 65

Cross Training

Front 66

wasting away of muscle

Back 66

Disuse Atrophy

Front 67

where are androgen's produced in males

Back 67

Testes, and Adrenal Glands

Front 68

where are androgen's produced in females

Back 68

Ovaries and Adrenal Glands

Front 69

Side Effects of Steroids

Back 69

Liver Tumors
Cancer
High Blood Pressure
Acne
Trembling

Front 70

Side Effects of Steroids in men

Back 70

Shrinking of testicles
Baldness
Infertility

Front 71

Side Effects of Steroids in women

Back 71

Facial Hair
Body Hair
Deepening Voice

Front 72

muscles that produce the most force during a specific movement

Back 72

Prime Mover

Front 73

muscles that aid the prime mover

Back 73

Synergists

Front 74

muscles that oppose the action of the prime mover
(triceps brachii antagonizes forearm flexors)

Back 74

Antagonists

Front 75

Bending an extended part of a joint so that the angle between them decreases as the parts come closer

Back 75

Flexion

Front 76

Straightening flexed parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases

Back 76

Extension

Front 77

Moving a body part in the frontal plane from the side toward the midline of the body

Back 77

Adduction

Front 78

Moving a body part in the frontal plane to the side away from the midline of the body

Back 78

Abduction

Front 79

Rotating the palm downward

Back 79

Pronation

Front 80

Rotating the palm upward (for soup)

Back 80

Supination

Front 81

Turning the foot so that the sole faces outward

Back 81

Eversion

Front 82

Turning the foot so that the sole faces inward

Back 82

Inversion

Front 83

Contracting the calf mucles

Back 83

Plantar Flexion

Front 84

raising the toes:

Back 84

dorsiflextion