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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name of the writer of the earliest textbook of anatomy
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Andreas Vesalius
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Name of the discoverer of the blood circulation
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William Harvey
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anatomy
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form/structure of the body
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physiology
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function of the body
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10 major characterstics of higher life forms
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1. move
2. respond/react to stimuli 3. grow 4. reproduce 5. respire 6. digest food 7. absorb products of digestion 8. circulate blood 9. assimilate food products 10. excrete unwanted or harmful materials |
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4 most important needs of humans
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1. food
2. water 3. oxygen 4. warmth (external/self gen) |
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6 factors under hoeostatic control
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1. body temp
2. oxygen level in blood and tissues 3. acidity/alkalinity 4. salt content 5. glucose level in the blood 6. metabolic waste product levels |
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5 levels of organization in the body
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1. Molecules
2. Cells 3. Tissues 4. Organs 5. Systems |
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Body Covering Organ System
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integumentary system
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Support, protection, and movement Organ System
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skeletal, muscular
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Integration and coordination organ systems
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nervous, endocrine
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Processing and Transporting organ system
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digestive, respiratory, circulatory, lymphatic, urinary
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reproduction organ system
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reproductive
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Superior
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towards the head
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inferior
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away from the head
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anterior
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toward the front
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posterior
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toward the back
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medial
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towards the midline
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lateral
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towards the side
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proximal
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toward the main mass of the body
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distal
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away from the main mass of the body
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superficial
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toward the surface of the body
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deep
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away from the surface of the body
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central
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at the center
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peripheral
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around the outside
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Sagittal Cut
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divides the body into left and right sections
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Transverse Cut
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any cut that divides the body into upper and lower segments
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Coronal Cut
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a cut that divides the body into front and back portions
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abdominal
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stomach area
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acromial
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point of the shoulder
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brachial
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upper arm
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antebrachial
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forearm
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cubital
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elbow
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antecubital
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space in front of the elbow
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axillary
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armpit
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buccal
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cheek
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carpal
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wrist
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cephalic
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pertaining to the head
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cervical
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neck
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costal
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ribs
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digital
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finger
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frontal
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forehead
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genital
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mmhmm
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lumbar
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lower back
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mammary
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breast
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nasal
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nose
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oral
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mouth
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pelvic
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pelvic bone area
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pectorial
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chest
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pedal
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foot
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plantar
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sole of foot
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umbilical
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navel
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vertebral
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spinal column
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Invasive techniques
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the body is invaded or penetrated in some way
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non-invasive
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does not invade/penetrate the body
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CAT, PET, MRI
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Cpmputed axial tomography, positron-emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging
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Matter
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stuff; occupies space includes all solids, liquids, and gases
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Atoms
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the composition of elements
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ions
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when an atom's protons are not equal to its electrons
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cation
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positively charged ion
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anions
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negatively charged ions
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atomic number
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number of protons in the atom
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atomic weight
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number of neutrons/protons determines the weight
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isotope
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varieties of an element with the same number of protons but differnt numbers of neutrons
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3 major Bonds
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covalent, ionic, hydrogen
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covalent bond
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atoms share electrons
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ionic bond
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atoms donate/recive electrons
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hydrogen
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weak, between hydrogen,oxygen, and nitrogen for DNA
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molecules
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atoms bonded together
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4 Chemical Reactions
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synthesis, dissociation, exchange, and reversible
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acids
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release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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bases
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combine with hydrogen ions in solution
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salts
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when an acid and base react
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electrolytes
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substances that are bonded together by electrovalent bonds dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water
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pH
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measure of acidity of alkalinity of a solution based on the linear scale from 0-14
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4 groups of organic substances
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carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids/nucleotides
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carbohydrate
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always contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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monosaccharides
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building blocks of complex CHO molecules. (glucose)
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disaccharides
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two monosaccharides covalently bonded together (lactose)
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polysaccharides
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large number of monosaccharides strung together in branched chains
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lipid
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not soluble in water, only soluble in chloroform and methanol
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triglycerides
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fats, can be burned by cells to produce energy; one molecule of one molecule glycerol bound to three fatty acid molecules
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phospholipids
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one molecule of gylcerol covalently bound to tow fatty acid molecules and one phosphate group
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steroids
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cholesterol, which forms a lot of hormones
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