Biol 171 Uh Manoa Unit 3 - Ch. 24-25 History Of Life And Origin Of Species

Front 1

Sweeping changes in life on Earth, the broad pattern of evolution above the species level

Back 1

macroevolution

Front 2

droplets with membranes that maintained an internal chemistry different from that of their surroundings

Back 2

protocells

Front 3

_________, precursors to living cells, may have been fluid-filled vesicles with a membrane like structure.

Back 3

protocells

Front 4

RNA molecules called __________, have been found to catalyze many different reactions.

Back 4

ribozymes

Front 5

can make complementary copies of short RNA segments

Back 5

ribozymes

Front 6

The fossil record is biased in favor of species that:

Back 6

1. Existed for a long time

2. Were abundant and widespread

3. Had hard parts

Front 7

Sedimentary srata

Back 7

tells relative age of fossils

Front 8

The absolute ages of fossils can be found can be determined by

Back 8

radiometric dating

Front 9

Isotopes used in radiometric data are measured using _______, the time required for half of the parent isotope to decay

Back 9

half-life

Front 10

The geological record is divided into the Archaean, Proterozoic, and the Phanerozoic ________.

Back 10

eons

Front 11

The Phanerozoic is divided into three ______: the paleozoic, mesozoic, and cenozoic.

Back 11

eras

Front 12

The oldest known fossils are _______, rocks formed by the accumulation of sedimentary layers on bacterial mats dating back to 3.5 million years ago.

Back 12

stromatolites

Front 13

Earth's sole inhabitants from 3.5 billion to 2.1 billion years ago.

Back 13

Prokaryotes

Front 14

History of Earth Circle diagram

Back 14

P.A.S.M.A.C.H.

Prokaryotes,

Atmospheric Oxygen,

Single Cell Eukayotes

Multicell Eukaryotes

Animals

Colonization of Land

Humans

Front 15

the evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor upon introduction to new environmental opportunities

Back 15

Adaptive radiation

Front 16

states that a species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring.

Back 16

biological species concept: gene flow occurs among populations of a species, not in between species

Front 17

the existence of a barrier that impede two species from producing viable, fertile offspring.

Back 17

Reproductive isolation

Front 18

hybrids formed from mating between species results in viable offspring but can't reproduce

Back 18

reduced hybrid fertility

Front 19

Problems with biological species concept

Back 19

can't be applied to fossils or asexual organisms (including all prokaryotes)

Front 20

defines a species by structural features; it applies to sexual and asexual species but relies on subjective criteria

Back 20

morphological species concept

Front 21

views a species in terms of ecological niche and emphasizes the role of disruptive selection

Back 21

ecological species concept

Front 22

defines a species as the smallest of a distinct group individuals on a phylogenetic tree

Back 22

phylogenetic species concept

Front 23

gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations

Back 23

allopatric speciation

Front 24

speciation occurs in population that live in the same geographic area

Back 24

sympatric speciation

Front 25

accidental cell division that results in extra sets of chromosomes is called

Back 25

polyploidy

Front 26

type of polyploidy in which an individual has more than 2 sets of chromosomes that are all derived from the same species

Back 26

autoploidy

Front 27

A second form of polyploidy in which a hybrid from 2 species can propagate itself asexually.

Back 27

allopolyploidy