Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Explains traits in terms of evolutionary forces acting on them; Example: Female animals often display preferences among male display traits, such as song |
Ultimate causation |
|
|
Explains biological function in terms of immediate physiological or environmental factors; Example: A female animal chooses to mate with a particular male during a mate choice trial |
Proximate causation |
|
|
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth |
Evolution |
|
|
Evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period |
Microevolution |
|
|
Major evolutionary change. The term applies mainly to the evolution of whole taxonomic groups over long periods of time |
Macroevolution |
|
|
Insertions, deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations, and fusions |
Macromutations |
|
|
Random changes in allele frequencies due to sampling error |
Genetic drift |
|
|
The reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors |
Founder effect |
|
|
Patchy food, nesting sites or habitat |
Spatial subdivision |
|
|
Movement of individuals or gametes between subpopulations |
Gene flow |
|
|
3 conditions that cause natural selection |
1 Phenotypic variation 2 Fitness differences 3 Variation in genotype |
|
|
Measure of reproductive success |
Fitness |
|
|
Liner |
Directional selection |
|
|
Upside down parabola |
Disruptive selection |
|
|
Parabola |
Stabilizing selection |
|
|
Artifical selection for more juvenile like features |
Juvenilization |
|
|
When a single gene affects multiple traits |
Pleiotropy |
|
|
Male-male competition |
Intrasexual selection |
|
|
A choice of the male or female |
Intersexual selection |
|
|
Sexual reproduction by the fusion of dissimilar gametes |
Anisogamy |
|
|
One mate forevers |
Monogamy |
|
|
One male, multiple females |
Polygyny |
|
|
One female, multiple males |
Polyandry |
|
|
Multiple partners for everyone |
Polygamy |
|
|
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution |
Speciation |
|
|
Category of classification, generally determined by morphology |
Taxonomic species |
|
|
Species that can interbreed but are reproductively isolated from each other |
Biological species |
|
|
An isolating mechanism that prevents successful mating and fertilization |
Prezygotic barriers |
|
|
Fertilization occurs, hybrids are inviable or infertile or break down after a few generations (can have parital barriers, one cross fertile the other isn’t) |
Post-zygotic barriers |
|
|
Geographical isolation |
Allopatric speciation (vicariance) |
|
|
The process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. |
Sympatric speciation |
|
|
Double number of chromosomes |
Autoploidy |
|
|
An organism formed from the adding of genomes from different organisms |
Allopolyploidy |
|
|
A character shared by a set of species but not present in their common ancestor |
Homoplasy |
|
|
Grouping where one member is more related to some one else than the rest of the group |
Paraphyletic |
|
|
Grouping where everyone equally related |
Monophyletic |
|
|
250-65 mya |
Mesozoic |
|
|
65 mya - present |
Cenozoic |
|
|
550 - 250 mya |
Paleozoic |
|
|
Retain more juvenile features |
Paedomorphosis |
|
|
More adult-like features |
Paramorphosis |
