Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
__________largest cause of herp declines worldwide
|
Habitat Loss/modification
|
|
|
Species vs. ecosystem: which is more important?
|
Both are important , but you need an intact ecosystem to support a species…
|
|
|
In order to preserve a species or an ecosystem, you need what?
|
Public and political support
|
|
|
Conservation in the US is called what?
|
Endangered Species Act (ESA) (est in 1973)
|
|
|
Problems with ESA are what? |
Influence by Policital people Citizen involvement contested Counter productive |
|
|
What is habitat modification?
|
May selectively damage or remove critical components of habitat
|
|
|
What is edge effect?
|
Habitats grade into each other. Edges have different characteristics and often do not support the same communities.
|
|
|
turning one large patch of habitat into several smaller ones. is what?
|
Habitat fragmentation
|
|
|
Habitat fragmentationturns one population into several smaller ones. T or F
|
True
|
|
|
Minimum viable population (MVP) stands for what?
|
number of individuals needed to have a 99% chance of survival of a population for 1000 years
|
|
|
If the population drops below the MVP, it becomes vulnerable to possibility of chance events (stochasticity) wiping out all individuals. T or F
|
T
|
|
|
Demographic stochasticity is what?
|
–Changes in population size –Changes in sex ratio |
|
|
Genetic stochasticity is what?
|
–Founder’s effect –Genetic drift (loss of alleles) –Inbreeding depression –Outbreeding depression (coming up) –Population bottleneck |
|
|
Environmental stochasticity is what
|
–Catastrophes, climate change, disease, parasites, predators
|
|
|
Minimum dynamic area (MDA) is what?
|
the amount of habitat necessary to maintain the MVP of a species.
|
|
|
Knowledge of MDA is NOT critical when deciding on reserve size and location. T or F
|
False - It is extremely critical
|
|
|
Reserves are what?
|
are fundamentally fragments of formerly larger habitats
|
|
|
Many reserves are underfunded and unprotected. T or F
|
T
|
|
|
When creating a reserve, must be aware of natural history of history of species/ecosystem (including MVP & MDA) to make informed decisions. T or F
|
True
|
|
|
What is a biological corridor?
|
numerous small reserves that are connected via narrow passageways for wildlife instead of one giant one.
|
|
|
Problems with biological corridors are what?
|
–Species with low dispersalabilities may not be able to find and use the corridors. –Often high mortality along corridors. –May be a high concentration of predators at the corridors |
|
|
Biological corridors were highly evaluated before they become popular. T or F
|
False, they were not greatly evaluated before becoming popular
|
|
|
Do biological corridors have high or limited success rates?
|
LImited
|
|
|
What is captive breeding?
|
Raising individuals in captivity for later release
|
|
|
What is the idea behind captive breeding?
|
buy some extra time for a species
|
|
|
What are some problems with captive breeding?
|
-Only treating symptoms instead of the problem -Must know natural history of species |
|
|
Outbreeding depression can cause what?
|
introduce poorly‐adapted alleles and can wipe out populations
|
|
|
Genetic Drift is what? |
Loss of Alleles |
|
|
Loss of Genetic Variations is what? |
Founder's effect |
|
|
What is translocation of herps?
|
Moving threatened herps from one location to another.
|
|
|
When is translocation of herps used
|
when developing land that harbors endangered species
|
|
|
Problems of translocation are what? |
High Mortality Prime Habitat no longer protected Misleads public |
|
|
What are the 3 categories of Herp Harvesting
|
Consumption Luxury Trade Pet Trade |
|
|
Wildlife trade is one of the most lucrative illegal trades in the world (only drugs and weapons make more). t OR f
|
T
|
|
|
Why are herps popular amongst smugglers?
|
Small, quiet and easy to conceal |
|
|
There is a lot of enforcement in the herp trade. T or F
|
False
|
|
|
Overharvesting herps effects frogs the most. T or F
|
T
|
|
|
What is in demand in china for medicine?
|
Turtles
|
|
|
Tokay Geckos were rumored to cure aids. T or F
|
T
|
|
|
Practitioners of folk medicine often prefer wild‐caught over farm‐raised. T or F
|
T
|
|
|
a species established in a new location by humans where it causes ecological and/or economic damage is what?
|
Invasive species
|
|
|
same as invasive, but does not necessarily imply damage is what?
|
Exotic(a.k.a., alien, introduced, non‐native) species
|
|
|
Native herps can be detrimentally affected by invasive species; Herps can also be invasive. T or F
|
T
|
|
|
How does pollution effect herps?
|
Can be directly toxic Can interfere with physiology (not immediate) |
|
|
What is a hormone?
|
A chemical messenger
|
|
|
hormones produced outside the body are called what?
|
Exogenous hormones
|
|
|
Humans have introduced a number of ________________ _______________hormones into the environment
|
estrogen‐ mimicking
|
|
|
__________, 2ndmost commonly used herbicide in US and causes what?
|
Atrazine Feminization of male gonads |
|
|
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is called what?
|
Chytrid Fungus
|
|
|
What does Chytrid fungus cause?
|
lethal disease (chytridiomycosis)
|
|
|
Amphibians are the only known host to Chytrid. T or F
|
T
|
|
|
What does Chytrid effect?
|
The skin
|
|
|
How does the Chytrid fungus spread?
|
by a flagellated zoospore (fungus actively swims).
|
|
|
HOw is Chytrid spread?
|
Global amphibian trade
|
|
|
How was this fungus created?
|
By hybridization
|
|
|
What species is resistant to the chytrid fungus?
|
Pacific Chorus Frog
|
|
|
Ranavirus is what?
|
group of viral diseases that causes death in amphibians AND reptiles
|
|
|
What is Ranavirus?
|
Among amphibians: Ebola‐like hemorrhaging Among reptiles:lesions ulcersorganfailure |
|
|
Ranavirus is not contagious. T or F
|
F - It is highly contagious
|
|
|
The source of the Ranavirus is unknown. T or F
|
T
|
|
|
Fibropapillomatosis effects what?
|
Green sea turtles
|
|
|
WHat is bibropapillomatosis? |
Benign growths mostly affect skin, can also affect internal organs
|
|
|
Acid rain is commonly ________xmore acidic than normal rain.
|
100x
|
