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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood plasma treated with enzyme to remove fibrinogen, is called
a. plasma minus fibrins b. Extracellular fluid c. Interstitial fluid d. serum |
d. serum
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Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?
a. lymphoblast b. erythroblast c. hemocytoblast d. polymorphonuclear cell |
c. hemocytoblast
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The most abundant protein in blood plasma responsible for maintaining water balance is
a. globulin b. albumin c. transferrin d. fibrinogen |
b. albumin
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Each of the following statements concerning red blood cells is true, except one, identify the exception.
a. red cells are biconcave discs b. red cells lack mitochondria c. red cells have a large nucleus d. red cells are specialized to carry oxygen |
c. red cells have a large nucleus
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Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
a. hypoxia(low oxygen level) of EPO-producing cells b. decreased tissue demand for oxygen c. an increased number of RBCs d. moving to a lower altitude |
a. hypoxia(low oxygen level) of EPO-producing cells
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______ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced
a. polycythemia b. leukemia c. anemia d. hemophilia |
c. anemia
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All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ___________________.
a. high hematocrit b. low blood viscosity c. high blood viscosity d. high blood pressure |
b. low blood viscosity
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The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of:
a. erythrocytes in the blood. b. leukocytes in the blood. c. platelets in the blood. d. plasma in the blood. E. water in blood |
a. erythrocytes in the blood.
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A person with type A blood has
a. A agglutinins on red blood cells b. A agglutinogens in their plasma c. anti-A agglutinins on their red blood cells d. anti-B agglutinins in their plasma |
d. anti-B agglutinins in their plasma
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When neither anti-A sera nor anti-B sera of the recipient clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood of the recipient is type __.
a. B b. A c. AB d. O |
b. A
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Erythroblastosis Fetalis, also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn, most often occurs in _______ mothers carrying ________ fetuses.
a. Rh +; Rh - b. Rh -; Rh + c. Type A; Type O d. Type AB; Type A |
b. Rh -; Rh +
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Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
a. They are all nucleated. b. They all have cytoplasmic granules. c. They increase in number only during blood clot formation d. They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood |
a. They are all nucleated.
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White blood cells that increase in number in response to parasitic infections are the
a. neutrophils b. eosinophils c. basophils d. lymphocytes |
b. eosinophils
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All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are
a. granular leukocytes b. phagocytic c. also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes d. important for blood clotting |
d. important for blood clotting
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Blood Type of a person is determined by the __________
a. type of plasma proteins b. number of red blood cells c. differential blood count d. type of antigen or agglutinogen on the Red Blood Cells. |
d. type of antigen or agglutinogen on the Red Blood Cells.
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Choose the correct order for the steps of hemostasis
a. blood coagulation, platelet plug formation, blood vessel spasm b. platelet plug formation, blood coagulation, blood vessel spasm c. vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation d. vascular spasm, blood coagulation, platelet plug formation |
c. vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation
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The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
a. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue b. release of tissue factor by the damaged external tissues of the blood vessel c. release of heparin by granulocytes d. conversion of thrombin to prothrombin |
b. release of tissue factor by the damaged external tissues of the blood vessel
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You have a streptococcal infection, which type of leukocyte will increase in your blood?
a. Platelets b. Eosinophils c. Lymphocytes d. Neutrophils |
b. Eosinophils
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Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood?
a. delivery of oxygen to body cells b. transport of metabolic wastes from cells c. prevention of blood loss d. maintenance of normal pH in body tissues |
d. maintenance of normal pH in body tissues
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Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?
a. Regulation b. Protection c. Prevention d. Transportation |
d. Transportation
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Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has:
a. more localized and long-lasting effects. b. more widespread and long-lasting effects. c. more localized and short-term effects. d. more widespread and short-term effects. |
b. more widespread and long-lasting effects.
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The body's major metabolic hormone is called
a. Follicle Stimulating Hormone b. Thyroxine c. Cortisol d. Insulin |
b. Thyroxine
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Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?
a. T3 and T4 b. Calcitonin and Parathyroid hormone c. Insulin and Glucagon d. Glucocorticoid and Cortisol |
b. Calcitonin and Parathyroid hormone
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Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland:
a. Growth Hormone b. Follicle Stimulating Hormone c. Oxytocin d. Luteinizing Hormone |
c. Oxytocin
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Estrogen and Progesterone exert their action by _________.
a. activating a G-protein and second messenger cascade. b. binding to DNA and initiate transcription. c. opening ion channels in the cell membrane. d. activating adenylate cyclase. |
b. binding to DNA and initiate transcription.
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The following hormones function using a second-messenger mechanism except _______
a. Epinephrine b. Growth Hormone c. Insulin d. ACTH e. Both c and d |
c. Insulin
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Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?
A. a change in membrane potential B. the stimulation of a genetic event resulting in protein synthesis C. an increase in enzymatic activity D. direct control of the nervous system |
D. direct control of the nervous system
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The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because _________.
a. it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release b. embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional c. it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location d. it stores neurohormones in the axon terminal of neurons from the hypothalamus |
d. it stores neurohormones in the axon terminal of neurons from the hypothalamus
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The most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is ___________.
a. insulin b. aldosterone c. glucagon d. cortisol |
b. aldosterone
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Which hormones are collectively called the gonadotropins?
a. Prolactin and oxytocin b. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin c. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone d. Follicle-stimulating hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone e. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone |
c. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
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Which hormone group is not secreted by the adrenal cortex?
a. Corticosteroids b. Glucocorticoids c. Mineralocorticoids d. Gonadocorticoids (androgens) e. No exceptions; all choices are secreted by the adrenal cortex |
e. No exceptions; all choices are secreted by the adrenal cortex
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Which one of the following function strictly as a hormone producing organ?
a. Pancreas b. Stomach c. Kidney d. Thyroid |
d. Thyroid
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Growth Hormone is responsible for the following functions, EXCEPT
a. promotes growth of bone and cartilage b. increased protein synthesis c. is responsible for establishing the sleep-wake cycle d. decreasing use of glucose as source of energy |
d. decreasing use of glucose as source of energy
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A hormone which function to maintain glucose level of blood when someone has not eaten for 5 hours is ________
a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. Luteinizing Hormone d. Oxytocin |
b. Glucagon
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Which of the following hormones are involved in maintaining blood volume(water content in blood)
a. Oxytocin b. ADH c. Calcitonin d. aldosterone e. both b and d |
e. both b and d
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This plasma protein increases during viral infection.
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gamma globulin
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This is caused by lack of secretion of this hormone and has the same signs as lack of insulin does.
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Stercobilin and Urobilin
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Carbon dioxide is transported in blood as ___________________
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Carbaminohemoglobin
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This condition is caused due to damage of red bone marrow.
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aplastic anemia
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This condition happens due to lack of receptors, characterized by elevated level of glucose in blood.
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Diabetes insipidus
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This condition is caused by mutation of peptide chain leading to a change in shape of red blood cells in their effort to transport oxygen to tissues.
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Sickle cell anemia
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A floating platelets aggregate is called _______.
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embolus
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An element which is essential in blood clotting is _______.
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calcium
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Hormone release is primarily controlled by a ___________________________.
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Negative Feedback Mechanism
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People who are carriers of the gene that causes __________________ is protected from getting malaria.
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Sickle cell anemia
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Lack of Iodine causes accumulation of too much Thyroglobulin (the colloidal protein) which causes edema of the gland. This would be a condition called ______.
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Goiter
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A person's blood type is determined by the
a. presence of agglutinogens on erythrocytes b. shape of the red blood cells c. number of red blood cells d. presence of agglutinins on erythrocytes |
a. presence of agglutinogens on erythrocytes
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The following substances are released from hemoglobin on erythrocyte destruction except
a. bilirubin b. bile c. Iron d. oxyhemoglobin |
d. oxyhemoglobin
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The ration between plasma and formed elements in whole blood is
a. 45:55 b. 55:45 c. 50:50 d. 40:60 |
b. 55:45
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Plasma without albumin
a. will not clot b. will not be able to form antibodies c. will allow interstitial fluid to remain in tissue spaces to cause swelling of tissues d. will clot |
c. will allow interstitial fluid to remain in tissue spaces to cause swelling of tissues
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_________________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced due to lack of Vitamin B12
a. polycythemia b. leukemia c. anemia d. pernicious anemia |
d. pernicious anemia
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Choose the correct order for the steps of hemostasis
a. blood coagulation, platelet plug formation, blood vessel spasm b. platelet plug formation, blood coagulation, blood vessel spasm c. blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation d. blood vessel spasm, blood coagulation, platelet plug formation |
c. blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation
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Erythropoiesis increases when
a. oxygen levels in the blood increase b. oxygen levels in the blood decrease c. water levels in the blood increase d. plasma protein level of blood increase |
b. oxygen levels in the blog decrease
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All of the following is true about neutrophils EXCEPT
a. granular leukocytes b. chemotaxic c. also know as polymorphonucleocytes d. important in coagulation |
d. important in coagulation
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Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by:
a. hormonal stimulation. b. humoral stimulation. c. neural stimulation. d. positive feedback stimulation. |
b. humoral stimulation.
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When a chemical messenger helps initiate a response by causing cellular changes in neighboring cells, it is demonstrating _________ signaling.
A. autocrine B. paracrine C. allomone D. pheromone |
B. paracrine
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Lipid-soluble hormones, such as progesterone, exert their effects when they _________
A. activate a G-protein and second messenger cascade. B. bind to DNA and initiate transcription. C. open ion channels in the cell membrane. D. activate adenylate cyclase. |
B. bind to DNA and initiate transcription.
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The term down-regulation refers to the process by which:
A. a glandular cell decreases the amount of hormone it secretes. B. a large amount of hormone shuts down all metabolic activity in a target cell. C. a cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone. D. a carrier protein increases the rate of degradation for a hormone and thereby decreases its blood concentration. E. a carrier protein decreases the rate of degradation of the protein it ferries |
C. a cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone.
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Glucagon and insulin work ________________ on blood glucose levels.
A. antagoonistically B. permissevely C. synergistically D. together |
A. antagoonistically
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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the:
A. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary. B. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the posterior pituitary. C. anterior pituitary and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. D. parathyroid hormone and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. E. thymus and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. |
A. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.
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Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.
A. testosterone B. estrogen C. cortisol D. epinephrine |
C. cortisol
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The secretion of the following hormones are all under the control of regulatory hormones released from the Hypothalamus, except
A. FSH B. PTH C. ACTH D. Insulin E. Both B and D |
E. Both B and D
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What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland?
A. Regulate glucose levels in the blood B. Act as secondary sex hormones C. Stimulate metabolism of lipids D. Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids E. Stimulate metabolism of proteins |
D. Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids
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Which of the following cells can rise to all of the different formed elements in blood?
a. Proerythroblast b. Myeloid Stem cell c. Hemocytoblast d. Megakaryocyte |
c. Hemocytoblast
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Blood plasma is slightly _____; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of ________.
A. acidic, glucose B. acidic, proteins C. acidic, glycogen D. basic, glucose E. basic, proteins |
E. basic, proteins
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An individual's hematocrit would vary with:
A. age. B. sex. C. altitude. D. All of the choices are correct |
D. All of the choices are correct
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Which are characteristics of type O blood?
a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e. Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes A. a, b, c B. a, b, e C. b, c, e D. b, c, d E. c |
B. a, b, e
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The following substances are released from hemoglobin on erythrocyte destruction except
a. bilirubin b. bile c. Iron (stored as Ferritin in liver) d. carbaminohemoglobin |
d. carbaminohemoglobin
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How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?
a. by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure b. by decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure c. by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin d. by blocking the neurotransmitters that prepare the body for the stress response |
a. by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
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Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
a. hypoxia of EPO-producing cells b. decreased tissue demand for oxygen c. an increased number of RBCs d. moving to a lower altitude |
a. hypoxia of EPO-producing cells
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________________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced
a. polycythemia b. leukemia c. anemia d. thrombocytopenia |
c. anemia
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The percentage of whole blood occupied by cellular elements is the
a. viscosity b. specific gravity c. cell pack d. hematocrit |
d. hematocrit
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When neither anti-A sera nor anti-B sera clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type _________.
a. A b. B c. AB d. O |
a. A
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Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
a. They are nucleated. b. They have cytoplasmic granules. c. They are phagocytic. d. They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood |
a. They are nucleated.
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Which of the following is pivotal molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the intrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting?
a. PGI2 b. PF3 (Platelet Factor- 3) c. Thrombin d. Thromboplastin (prothrombin activator) |
b. PF3 (Platelet Factor- 3)
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The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
a. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue b. release of tissue factor by the damaged endothelium c. release of heparin by granulocytes d. conversion of thrombin to prothrombin |
b. release of tissue factor by the damaged endothelium
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The common pathway of coagulation is activated by the
a. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue b. release of tissue factor by the damaged endothelium c. release of heparin by granulocytes d. conversion of thrombin to prothrombin |
b. release of tissue factor by the damaged endothelium
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The common pathway of coagulation begins with the
a. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue b. activation of proenzyme exposed to collagen tissue c. release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium d. activating clotting factor that convert prothrombin to thrombin |
d. activating clotting factor that convert prothrombin to thrombin
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When can erythroblastosis fettles not possible happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?
a. if the child is type O positive b. if the child is Rh+ c. if the father is Rh+ d. if the father is Rh- |
d. if the father is Rh-
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Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?
a. a change in metabolism b. the stimulation of a genetic event resulting in protein synthesis c. an increase in enzymatic activity d. direct control of the nervous system |
d. direct control of the nervous system
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Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary galnd:
a. Growth Hormone b. Follicle Stimulating Hormone c. Oxytocin d. Luteining Hormone |
c. Oxytocin
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Estrogen and Progesterone exert their action by _________.
a. entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene b. finding an appropriate cell receptor and initiating cAMP activity c. stimulating the synthesis of a glycogen d. increasing blood pressure |
a. entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
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The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by _________.
a. synthesizing more of the hormone than is actually needed b. increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organ c. not responding to a feedback mechanism d. binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP |
d. binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP
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The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on _________.
a. the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path b. the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ c. the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ d. all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific |
c. the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
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Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the _________.
a. hepatic portal system b. general circulatory system c. hypophyseal portal system d. feedback loop |
c. hypophyseal portal system
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One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?
a. the rapid oxidation of carbohydrates b. catabolic inhibition c. protein synthesis d. humoral stimulation |
d. humoral stimulation
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This particular hormone functions with the help of Insulin Like Growth Factors
a. LH b. Growth Hormone c. ACTH d. Prolactin |
b. Growth Hormone
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Thyroid hormone exerts its influence by _________.
a. entering some cells and binding to intracellular receptors within the nuclei b. exerting only a minor effect on body metabolism c. causing a reduction in the number of blood vessel adrenergic receptors, and therefore decreasing bolo pressure d. acting to decrease basal metabolic rate |
a. entering some cells and binding to intracellular receptors within the nuclei
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Which of the following hormones does not function as a hyperglycemic hormone?
a. Glucagon b. Growth Hormone c. Cortisol d. Insulin |
d. Insulin
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Which of the following elements is essential to maintain function of a metabolic hormone
a. Iodine b. Copper c. Hydrogen d. Potassium |
c. Hydrogen
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Growth Hormone is responsible for the following functions, EXCEPT
a. promotes growth of bone and cartilage b. increased protein synthesis c. maintaining electrolyte balance of body fluid d. decreasing use of glucose as source of energy |
c. maintaining electrolyte balance of body fluid
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A hormone which function to maintain glucose level of blood when someone has not eaten for 5 hours is _______
a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. Thyroxine d. Oxytocin |
b. Glucagon
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Which sequence is correct for the following events?
1. fibrinogen ---> fibrin 2. clot retraction 3. formation of thromboplastin 4. prothrombin ---> thrombin a. 3, 4, 1, 2 b. 1, 2, 3, 4 c. 4, 3, 1, 2 d. 3, 2, 1, 4 |
a. 3, 4, 1, 2
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