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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the structure and function of the capsule.
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The capsule covers the cell wall , and is a sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein . It allows prokaryotes to adhere to their substrate or to other individuals in a colony. Can also shield pathogenic prokaryotes from attacks by thier host's immune system.
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Describe the structure and function of the fimbria.
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Hairlike appendages that allow prokaryotes to stick to their substrate or each other.
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Describe the structure and function of the sex pilus.
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links prokaryotes during conjugation, a process in which one cell transfers DNA to another cell.
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Describe the structure and function of the Nucleoid.
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prokaryotic chromosomes are located here. this area appears lighter than the surrondign cytoplasm.
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Describe the structure and function of the plasmid.
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a small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome. Provides resistance to antibiotics, and directs the metabolism of rarely unencountered nutrients
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Describe the structure and function of the flagellum.
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enables prokaryotes to move. the structures consist of a basal apparatus that is embedded in the cell wall, connected to a hook, that is connected to a filament.
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Function of prokaryotic cell wall
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maintains cell shape , provides, physical protection and prevents the cell wall from bursting in hypotonic environment
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structure of prokaryotic cell wall
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contain peptidoglycan: a network of modified sugar polymers cross linked by short polypeptides. this molecualr fabric encloses the entire bacterium and anchors other molecues that extends from its surface. see page 535 from more info.
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gram positive
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cell wall is structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan. usually less toxic than gram negative bacteria violet dye is trapped in the cell wall and not cleaned by the alcohol rinse the addition of the red is masked.
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gram negative
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cell wall is structurally more complex and contains less peptidoglycan. more toxic of the two bacteria. the violet dye is easily rinsed and the cell appears pink or red.
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organization of genomes
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the prokaryotic genome is structurally very different from a eukaryotic genome consists of a ring
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