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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's an isotope?
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forms of an element with different number of neutrons, therefore a diff. mass.
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what is a hydrogen bond?
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bond bt/w H of one molecule and O of another molecule.
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what kind of bond occurs when electrons are not shared equally?
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polar covalent
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cohesion?
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collectively, H bonds hold water together
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pH levels above 7 are Acid or Base?
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Base
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carbon atoms form how many bonds? what kind of bonds?
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4 covalent bonds
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draw a carbonyl group and a carboxyl group.
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carboxyl has a hydroxyl group connected (COOH) and a carbonal group does not (CO).
both have a double bond with O |
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draw an amino group. What are the properties?
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NH2
act as a base; HYDROPHILIC |
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Draw a sulfhydryl group
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-SH
2 can stabilize protein structure HYDROPHILIC |
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draw a phosphate grp.
properties? |
OPO3
1.can transfer energy, 2.makes a molecule an anion HYDROPHILIC |
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properties of Carboxyl groups
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acidic properties
found in ionic form in cells |
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Ketones and Aldehydes.
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these are carbonyl groups.
ketones are w/in the carbon skeleton, and Aldehydes are at the end of a carbon skeleton. |
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Hydroxyl group properties?
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polar b/c of O atom drawing electrons
attracts H2O molecules |
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when 2 amino acids join together to form a larger molecule, what happens?
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water molecule is lost (dehydration/condensation rxn)
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what are the 4 main classes of large biological molecules
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lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
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what is hydrolysis?
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the insertion of a water molecule to connect to monomers, making a polymer. (the bonds of the monomers are broken by the water; a Hydrogen and Hydroxyl group split up and each attach to different monomer)
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how do you classify a carbohydrate; or how many carbons long is the C-skeleton?
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3 to 7
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what is the shape of glucose and most other sugars in aqueous solutions?
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a ring
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name a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide.
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M- Glu, Fru, Gal
Di- Sucrose, Lactose Poly- Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose |
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what are glucose's 2 ring forms? which one is present in starch? Cellulose?
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alpha (coiled/helical)
beta (straight) starch- alpha Cellulose- beta humans can digest starch |
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name the pyramidines and purines
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pyramid: cytosine, thymine, uracil
purine: adenine, guanine |
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which nitrogenous base is not found only in RNA but not DNA?
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uracil
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