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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Organ |
Body structure composed of 2 or more than 2 tissues which has a specific form and function |
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Organ system Organism |
Association of organs with a common function The individual |
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Integumentary body system |
Hair, skin, nails |
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Skeletal body system |
Joint, bones |
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Muscular body system |
Skeletal muscles |
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Nervous body system |
Brain, spinal cord, nerves. |
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Endocrine body system |
Pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, testis |
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Cardiovascular body system |
Heart, blood vessels |
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Lymphatic body system |
Red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes |
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Respiratory body system |
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lung, bronchus |
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Digestive body system |
Oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus |
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Urinary body system |
Kidney, Ureter, urinary bladder, urethra |
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Reproductive body system |
Penis, testis, scrotum, ductus, deferens, prostate gland (Male) Mammary glands (in breasts), ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube |
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The anatomical position position |
Main characteristics Body erect and upright Head facing forward Feet slightly apart Palms facing forward Thumbs pointing away from body |
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Reclining positions |
Supine (laying on your back) Prone (laying on your stomach) |
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Dorsal or posterior Description Hands Feet |
At the back of the body Back of hands (dorsal) Top of feet (dorsal) |
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Ventral or anterior Description Hands Feet |
At the front of body Palm (palmar) Sole (plantar) |
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Body directions
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Proximal (nearer to trunk) Distal (farther from midline) Superior(Toward head) Inferior (Away from head)
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Proximal Distal Superior Inferior |
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Medial Lateral Intermediate |
Centre of body (nearer to midline) Farther from midline Between a more medial and more Lateral structure |
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Central Peripheral |
Close to centre Away from centre |
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Posterior Anterior |
Nearer to back Nearer to front |
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Deep Superficial Median |
Away from body surface Toward it on body surface In between the 2 |
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Parietal Visceral |
Pertaining to lining of a cavity Pertaining to lining of an organ |
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Frontal plane Transverse plan Sagittal plane |
See picture |
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Major body cavities |
Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity |
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Cranial cavity |
Brain, cranial bones |
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Vertebral cavity |
Spinal cord Backbone (vertebrae) Beginning of spinal nerves |
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Thoracic |
Ribs, chest muscles, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, pericardial cavity, pleural cavities. |
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Smaller cavities inside thoracic cavity |
Right pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, left pleural cavity, Parietal pericardium, Visceral pericardium, and pleuras |
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Diaphragm |
Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities Dome shaped flat skeletal muscles |
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Major body cavities |
Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity |
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Abdominal cavity |
Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, most of small intestine, most of large intestine Peritoneum |
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Pelvic cavity |
Urinary bladder, part of colon, reproductive organs |
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Homestasis
Steps of negative/positive feedback system Negative decreases change or output positive increases |
A self regulating process by which the internal biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.
Stimulus (stimulus disrupts homeostasi)
Change (causing a change in your body)
Receptors (Receptors detect change)
Control centre (Brain processes information and directs a response)
Effectors (effectors cause a response)
Response(Overall response to stimulus)
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Internal environment |
Environment in which your cells live I.e. the extracellular fluid. |
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Extracellular fluid Types include: |
Fluid outside cells Interstitial fluid (in tissues) Blood plasma (in blood) Lymph fluid (in lymph) Csf (in brain) |
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Stress Types. Examples |
Any stimulus which causes imbalance in the internal environment. Temporary. Change in composition of air Prolonged. Infections From internal source. Change in blood pressure. Change in levels of nutrients From external source. Lack of o2. Excess heat or cold |
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Internal conditions which have to be maintained |
Proper concentrations. (H20, nutrients salts/ions, waste products Optimal temperature Optimum = 37 degrees Optimal pressures (Blood pressure, pressures of gases) |
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