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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of protein filaments that organize the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells to form the cytoskeleton?
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Microtubules
Actin filaments (or microfilaments) Intermediate filaments |
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Definition: Cytoskeleton (2)
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gives support and shape to cells
can allow cell to change shape |
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Definition: Tubulins
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Proteins that form microtubules
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What are the two types of tubulin in microtubules (they combine to form a dimer)
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alpha-tubulin
beta-tubulin |
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Describe structure of microtubules
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Straight hollow tubes
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Definition: mTOC
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microtubule organizing centre
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How are microtubules capable to grow or shrink?
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Positive and negative ends, capable by adding or losing tubulin dimers.
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Definition: TOM
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Translocase of the Outermitochondrial Membrane
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Definition: Centrosome
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location of mTOC in some animal cells
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Where are centrioles found
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mTOC's in animal cells
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Definition: Kinesin
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motor molecule that "walks" along microtubules to transport vesicles (uses ATP)
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Describe movement of flagella
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Undulate like a snake
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Describe movement of cilia
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Stroke like oars (active or power)
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How many doublet outer microtubules are in a cilium?
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9
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How many centered "singlet" microtubules are in a cilium?
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2
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What are the radical spokes in a cilium?
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Cross-linking proteins that hold structures together
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Definiton: Dynein
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motor molecule protein with base and arms, can walk along doublets.
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How many outer microtubule triplet rings combine to form the basal body of a cilium?
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9
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Give two examples of places in the human body where cells have cilia
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Trachea and female reproductive system.
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What are the non-motile cilia called that communicate with the cell?
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Primary Cilium
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What are microfilaments primarily composed of?
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Actin
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What does myosin do?
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Motor molecule that moves actin microfilaments.
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Definition: pseudopod
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localized cellular extension, involved with microfilaments
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What is the process of cytoplasmic streaming?
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Organelles dragged around the cell by myosin attached to actin to cause movement of cytoplasm (evenly distributes material in the cell)
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What is the principal role of intermediate filaments?
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Structural
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Definition: Nuclear lamina
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mesh inside nuclear membrane made of intermediate filaments
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What are 3 basic components of prokaryotic flagella?
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Filament
Hook Basal apparatus |
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What is the filament made of in prokaryotic flagella?
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proteins called flagellin
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What does the hook do in prokaryotic flagella?
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Anchors filament to basal apparatus
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How does the basal apparatus work?
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Moves like a corkscrew, powered by diffusion of protons (first pumped out using ATP)
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