Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
nematocyst |
specialized stinging cells that secrete a powerful neurotoxin |
|
|
polyp |
one form of cnidarian specie, sedentary or sessile form, may or may not develop into medusa, dominate for corals and anemones |
|
|
ectoderm |
outermost tissue later |
|
|
mesoderm |
middle tissue layer |
|
|
endoderm |
innermost tissue layer |
|
|
three tissue layers and their locations: |
ectoderm - outermost layer
mesoderm - middle layer
endoderm - innermost layer |
|
|
mesoglea |
layer of jelly-like or cement material between the epidermis and gastrodermis in cnidarians and ctenophores |
|
|
endoparasite |
lives inside host (ringworms in stomach) |
|
|
ectoparasite |
lives outside of host (leeches) |
|
|
Between Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Platyhelminthes, which are radially symmetrical and which are bilaterally symmetrical? |
Cnidaria and Ctenophora posses radial symmetry
Platyhelminths are bilaterally symmetrical |
|
|
What is the difference between radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry? |
Radial Symmetry: body parts arranged around an oral-aboral axis (no discernible head)
Bilateral Symmetry: distinct left and right, anterior and posterior, dorsal and ventral sides
|
|
|
Major Synapomorphies of Cnidaria: |
*Cnidocytes - specialized stinging cells (nematocysts) *free-swimming planula larvae *mouth surrounded by solid tentacles *polymorphism (different body shapes) during the life cycle of some species |
|
|
5 major clades of cnidaria and an example of each |
-Anthozoa: sea anemones, corals (largest class) -Staurozoa: cross animals or stuaromedusans -Scyphozoa: jellyfish -Cubozoa: comb jellies, cube jellies -Hydrozoa: hydras, portuguese man of war, siphonophores, fire corals |
|
|
Compare and Contrast cnidarians with ctenophores |
*Both have radial symmetry, both share true diploblastic tissues (two layers), a gastrovascular cavity (incomplete gut - mouth but no anus), rudimentary nervous system, loss of collar cells
*cnidarians have cnidocytes such as nematocysts (stinging cells) and polymorphism (polyp and medusa stages) but ctenophores have colloblasts (adhesive cells), statoliths (aboral sensory structures) and no polyp stage. |
|
|
"alternation of generations" |
Sexually produced zygotes become free-swimming planula, planula becomes polyp, polyp may or may not become medusa, medusas sexually reproduce to form zygotes |
|
|
Major Synapomorphies of Bilateria |
-bilateral symmetry -cephalization -triploblastic tissues |
|
|
cephalization and its importance: |
the formation of a head region and centers of a nervous control at anterior end; its allows for free living, motile animals and indicates direction of movement (head contacts environment first) |
|
|
differences between Protostomia and Deuterostomia |
Protostomia: monophyletic, form the mouth first, lineage leads to invertebrate animals (most species) cleavage is spiral, nervous system is ventral
Deuterostomia: monophyletic , forms anus first, lineage leading to vertebrates, cleavage is radial, nervous system is dorsal |
|
|
Differences between cleavage and blasopore: |
Cleavage: (cell division during development)
Blastopore: (first opening to develop) |
|
|
which platyhelminths are free living and which are symbiotic parasites? |
tubellaria is free living
trematoda, monogenea, and cestoda are symbiotic parasites |
|
|
three types of symbiosis |
mututalism: both species benefit commensalism: one benefits, other unaffected parasitism: one benefits and other is harmed (endoparasitic - inside host; ectoparasitic - outside host) |
|
|
usual animals that serve as intermediate and definitive hosts |
usual intermediate host of endoparasitic platyhelminths (flatworms) are snails, and the definite hosts are usually vertebrates, including humans |
