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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are True Breeding Organisms?
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Varieties for which self-fertilization produced offspring all identical to the parent. The P generation (P for parental).
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What is the F1 generation offspring?
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The first "filial" (son) generation of the offspring.
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What is the F2 generation offspring?
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When F1 plants self-fertilize or fertilize each other, their offspring. The secondary generation..
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What are hybrids?
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Both the P, F1 and F2 generation that creates the process of an offspring.
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What is homozygous?
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An organism that has two identical alleles (alternative versions of a gene) for a gene
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What is heterozygous?
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An organism that has two different alleles for a gene.
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What is a dominant allele?
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When two alleles of an inherited pair differ, one determines the organism's appearance. Geneticists use uppercase italic letters to represent dominant alleles and lowercase italic letters to represent recessive alleles.
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What is a recessive allele?
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The other allele that has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance.
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What is a phenotype?
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An organism's physical trait.
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What is a genotype?
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An organism's genetic makeup.
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What is a monohybrid cross?
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A hybrid cross between an organism that's difference is only one character e.g. white person from black person
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What is a Punnett Square?
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It highlights the four possible combinations of gametes and the resulting four possible offspring in the F2 generation. Each square represents an equally probable product of fertilization.
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What is the law of segregation?
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When a sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character they both separate from each other during the production of gametes and contribute its one allele to create one full one.
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What is the genetic relationship between homologous chromosomes?
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Chromosomes that carry alleles of the same genes (also called homologs). One comes from the male organism and one from the female
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What is Mendel's law of independent assortment and how does it apply to a dihybrid cross?
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The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another. A dihybrid cross is the mating of parental varieties differing in two characters.
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Explain how and when the rule of multiplication and the rule of addition can be used to determine the probability of an event.
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The rule of multiplication is 1/2x1/2=1/4 applies to the punnett square on the probabilitiy that either sperm or egg with have that specific allele. The rule of addition is the same way as it is described 1/4+1/4=1/2
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What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
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Genes that occupy specific loci (positions) on chromosomes, and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment during meiosis.
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Explain how family pedigrees can help determine the inheritance of many human traits.
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Because it illustrates the different traits that have moved down through a family and if the habits are studied then a pattern can be determined to what the probability is.
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