Biol 0130 Cellular Anatomy

Front 1

Contains cellulose fibrils

Back 1

Cell Wall
Function: Protect and Support

Front 2

Phospholipid Bilayer with embedded proteins
-fluid mosaic

Back 2

Plasma Membrane
Function: Defines cell boundary;
regulates molecule passage into and out of cells
*In animals contains cholesterol

Front 3

Nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm chromatin and nucleoli
"control centre of cell", usually largest organelle

Back 3

Nucleus
Function:Storage of genetic info;
synthesis of DNA and RNA
*DNA-wound=chromosomes
-unwound=chromatin
*Surrounded by selectively permeable nuclear membrane

Front 4

Concentrated area of chromatin, RNA and proteins

Back 4

Nucleolus:
Function: Ribosomal sub unit formation

Front 5

Series of interconnected, folded membranes, connected to nuclear envelope

Back 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function: Produces all components of cell membrane
-aids in transport of protein & lipids throughout cell

Front 6

Contains cellulose fibrils

Back 6

Cell Wall
Function: Protect and Support

Front 7

Phospholipid Bilayer with embedded proteins

Back 7

Plasma Membrane
Function: Defines cell boundary;
regulates molecule passage into and out of cells

Front 8

Nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm chromatin and nucleoli

Back 8

Nucleus
Function:Storage of genetic info;
synthesis of DNA and RNA

Front 9

Concentrated area of chromatin, RNA and proteins

Back 9

Nucleolus:
Function: Ribosomal sub unit formation

Front 10

Membranous flattened channels and tubular canals

Back 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function: Synthesis and/or modification of proteins and other substances, distributed by vesicle formation

Front 11

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 11

Ribosomes
Protein Synthesis
Proteins transported in vesicles
"Network of folded membranes studded with ribosomes

Front 12

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 12

-No Ribosomes
-Synthesis of various substances for transport depending on cell type
-Peroxisomes aid in detox

Front 13

Golgi Apparatus

Back 13

"Post Office"-acts as a transfer station for substances being transported through cell
-Sometimes called "dictycomes" in plants
-Vesicles arrive on the ER on one face and leave the golgi on opposite face
-stack of membranous saccules

Front 14

Lysosome

Back 14

*only in animal cells*
"Digestive system of cell"
-formed by golgi
-can break down proteins, fats, carbs, excess call membrane, defective organelles
-"suicide sacs" use enzymes to destroy cell
-Contains digestive enzymes

Front 15

Vacuole

Back 15

*Usually only in plant cells*
Large fluid filled sacs surrounded by single membrane
-Plant:may contain only 1 central vacuole that stores& supports the cell
-stores substances, salt, sugar, prot
-may aid in motility (micro orgs) by contracting vacuole

Front 16

Peroxisome

Back 16

Surrounded by single membrane
-synthesize bile acids & metabolizes toxic compunds
-Liver and kidney contain lots!

Front 17

Mitochondria

Back 17

"Power house"
-Cellular respiration, produce ATP (energy)
-Inner membrane (cristae) bounded by an outer membrane.
-Double membrane

Front 18

Chloroplast

Back 18

*Plants Only*
-Photosynthesis
-Green pigment
-Membranous grana bounded by 2 membranes
*Plastid*

Front 19

Leucoplast

Back 19

-Storage
-convert glucose to starch
-Colorless
*Plastid*

Front 20

Chromoplast

Back 20

Color fruits & flower petals
-red, blue, yellow, orange pigments
*Plastids*

Front 21

Cytoskeleton

Back 21

Helps cell maintain shape
-aids in movement
-framework for organelles to move w/i cell
-guides transport vesicles
-essential for cell division
-Components:Microtubules,Intermediate &Microfilaments

Front 22

Microtubules

Back 22

Thick, hollow, cylindrical tubes
-13 rows of tubulin (protein)

Front 23

Microfilaments (Actin)

Back 23

-thin, can assemble and disassemble
-in muscle cells, interact with myosin to contract muscles

Front 24

Intermediate Filaments

Back 24

-medium sized, between actin and microtubules
-keratin in epithelial cells
-desmin in muscle
-neurofilaments in axins
*Prom in cells subject to mechanical stress

Front 25

Cilia & flagella

Back 25

-Movement of cell
-9+2 pattern of microtubules

Front 26

Centriole

Back 26

*Animal cells only*
-Important in cell division
-made up of 9 microtubule "triplets"
-Found in pairs

Front 27

Prokaryotic

Back 27

*No nucleus*
+ cell membrane
-no complex organelles
-small
-DNA/RNA floats freely in cell
-cell division by binary fission

Front 28

Eukaryotic

Back 28

*Plant and animal cells*
+nucleus
+cell membrane
+complex organelles
-larger and more complex
-DNA/RNA contained in nucleus
-cell division by mitosis

Front 29

Has Plastids (Chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts)

Back 29

Plant

Front 30

No centrioles. Have Phragmoplasts to aid in cell division

Back 30

Plant

Front 31

Has Centrioles to aid in cell division

Back 31

Animal

Front 32

Surrounded by rigid cell wall

Back 32

Plant

Front 33

No cell wall

Back 33

Animal

Front 34

Larger vacuoles

Back 34

Plant

Front 35

Smaller or no vacuoles

Back 35

Animal

Front 36

Lysosomal enzymes contained in central vacuole

Back 36

Plant

Front 37

Have Lysosomes

Back 37

Animal

Front 38

Larger vacuoles

Back 38

Plant

Front 39

Smaller or no vacuoles

Back 39

Animal

Front 40

Lysosomal enzymes contained in central vacuole

Back 40

Plant

Front 41

Have Lysosomes

Back 41

Animal

Front 42

Back 42

Cristae
Matrix
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
"Double membrane"

Front 43

Back 43

Golgi

Front 44

DNA

Back 44

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 45

RNA

Back 45

ribonucleic acid

Front 46

3 Types of protein components that make up cytoskeleton

Back 46

Actin filaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

Front 47

Back 47

Centrioles

Front 48

Endomembrane system

Back 48

Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and transport vesicles

Front 49

Back 49

Animal cell

Front 50

Back 50

Plant cell