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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Purposeful Mechanisms of Introduction
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*Trade shipments: pets, bees, produce
*Passenger luggage: ~2m border cross/d *Mail/Internet Orders |
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Purposeful Mechanisms of Introduction
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*Trade shipments: pets, bees, produce
*Passenger luggage: ~2m border cross/d *Mail/Internet Orders |
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Accidental Mechanisms of Introduction
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Contaminants -seed, fragments, invertebrates, parasites, pathogens
*Transportation Hitchhikers –vehicles, containers, ships |
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Purposeful vs Accidental
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81% are accidental introductions
responsible for the majority of most harmful invasive organisms established in U.S. |
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Global Trade imports in 2001 were -- times greater than in 1970. And only ?% of imports are actually inspected.
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28x's greater, and 1-2%
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What is the Freankenstein Effect?
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e.g. Little Kern golden trout
Rare and endemic to western Sierra Nevada Mts. 1940s anglers' claimed that their trout catches had declined CA *State responded by stocking nonnative rainbow trout hatchery-raised rainbow trout start interbreeding w/ Little Kern golden trout. *1970s genetic infiltration altered endemic trout. *Genetically pure Little Kern golden trout remained in only a fraction of the original range. |
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How many purposeful introduction with have their been in Florida?
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Greater than 90% purposeful
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Introduction purposes for plants invasive in Florida:
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Ornamental has 67%, and Agricultural is 21%
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Introduction purposes for plants invasive in Florida. Approximate numbers were:
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50,000 plants were introduced & cultivated in FL
~1000 established (750 are agricultural & urban area weeds) ~150 listed as invasive (current problems in natural areas, even if within a localized distribution) |
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True or False: Invasive species can threaten the existence of native species and native communities.
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True
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True or False -Even common species can be greatly impacted
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True
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True or Flase -Invasive species can cause staggering damage
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True
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Human incentives for preserving resources and biodiversity:
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Supporting nutrient cycling, food webs, soil formation/retention & Regulating (climate, flood and other disturbance regimes, water purification), Provisioning (food, water, fuel, fiber)
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What happens when biological invasions cause a shift in fundamental ecosystem process?
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They can alter the ecosystem services.
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What happens when biological invasions cause a shift in fundamental ecosystem process?
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They can alter the ecosystem services.
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Ten Characteristics of a Biological Invader
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1. Environmental tolerance
2. Generalist 3. Competitive 4. Enemy poor 5. Vacant niche 6. Founder populations 7. Fecundity 8. Dispersal 9. Intelligence 10. Hybridization |
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Tolerance to climactic &
environmental conditions refers to what type of variables.. |
Density independent variables (e.g. light, day length, temp, pH, distubrance)
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Generalist in diet and resources...
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More density dependent variables (e.g. water, nutrients, food, pollinators, “space”, nesting habitat, substrate)
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Why are cogon grass such a problem?
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Persistent rhizomes of
Cogon grass penetrate bunchgrasses and flowering groundcovers in a flatwoodcommunity to displace quail nesting |
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An example of "lack of natural enemies- taxonomic isolation" that led to invader status?
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Melaleuca in S. Fl marshes and the brown tree snake
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An example of "fill vacant / under-utlized niche "role" in the community?
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Old World Climbing Fern (lygodium microphyllum) because nothing lived all the way to the tops of trees, carries fire to the tops of cypress trees and old growth pine
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An example of "robust founder populations with strong, varied genotypes"?
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Coral ardisia in Blues Creek Hammock Gville
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An example of an invader with "good dispersal mechanism"?
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Chinese tallow tree- Waxy coating floats seeds down the watershed, so can spread
The Asian swamp eel can move across dry land |
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An example of an invader with "ability to hybridize with natives or with other exotics"?
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Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius): Hybridization in Florida between two types (haplotypes from South America)
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