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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is "DNA"?
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deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the genetic material.
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What are "genes"?
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The various units that govern charateristics at the genetic level.
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What is "sequence"?
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Genes contain their information as a sequence of nucleotides.
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What does "G" stand for?
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Guanine
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What does "A" stand for?
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Adenine
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What does "T" stand for?
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Thymine
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What does "C" stand for?
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Cytosine
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What does "U" stand for?
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Uracil
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Each nucleotide contains 3 things. What are they?
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1) a phosphate group
2) a central dooxyribose sugar 3) one of four nitrogenous bases |
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What do you call a string of nucleotides?
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Polynucleotide chain
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How are any two nucelotides attached?
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phosphodiester bond
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What is the function of a phosphodiester bond?
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It connects the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the deoxyribose sugar or another.
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On which end (1' through 5') is the phosphate group of a single unattached nucletide?
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5'
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A string of nucleotides always has 2 ends that are unattached. What are they? (1' through 5')
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5' & 3'
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What is a complementary DNA molecule?
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A DNA molecule with complementary bases would have a T instead of a A, or a C instead of a G.
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What are examples of base pairs?
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A & T
C & G |
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What does it mean when two DNA strands are said to be antiparallel to each other?
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The two strands of a DNA molecule are complementary, but in the opposite orientation. i.e. 5'3' & 3'5'
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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
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The information stored in DNA is used to make RNA, which in turn makes proteins
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Which happens first in the process from DNA to RNA to protein...transcription or translation?
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transcription
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What is translation?
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Translation is the process of converting RNA to proteins
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What is gene expression?
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The process of using the information stored in DNA to make an RNA molecule and then a corresponding protein
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What is alternative splicing?
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The inclusion or exclusion of different exons to form different mRNA transcripts
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What is an Allele?
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An allele is any viable gene or DNA sequence that can occur for the same gene.
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