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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abortion
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The termination of a pregnancy prior to birth.
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Altruism
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Derived from the Greek words meaning "self-ruled". A concern primarily with the well-being of others rather than one's own self -interest.
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Autonomy
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The view that one's actions are independent from the will of others. Moral autonomy is the freedom to reach one's own values about what is right and wrong.
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Beneficence
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Performing an act which is good or which brings about good effects.
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Bioethics
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Literally "life ethics". an exploration of ethical dilemmas arising in the health care field, as well as relating to medical aspects of human beings. The term was coined by oncologist Van Rensselaer Potter.
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Categorical Imperative
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A term used by Immanuel Kant to refer to an unconditional duty one is required to perform. An act is immoral if the rule that would authorize it cannot be universalized. Consequences should not be taken into concideration. For example, "physicians have a duty to not lie to their patient". This is a secularized version of "The Golden Rule"
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Cognitive
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That aspect of human beings that involves rationality and reason.
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Competence
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A patient's capacity to make decisions about the provision of medical care for him or herself (also see Decision Making Capacity). Competence is also concidered to be the lagal capacity to make decisions in contrast to capacity/decision making capacity.
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Conscience
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The view that one has an inner sense of right and wrong, but which perceive's one's possibilities and responsibilities.
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Confidentiality
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Not divulging information which another has revealed on condition of secrecy.
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Consent
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A voluntary act by which one erson agrees to allow another to do something.
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Consequentialism
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Ethical theories that are concerned with the consequesces that follow from specific actions. Often referred to be the Greek term "teleology, the study of goals. Examples include ethical relativism and utilitarianism.
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Cost-Benefit Analysis
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Also called "end-justifies-the-means" approach. The idea one should strive for the greatest benefits deriving from the least cost expended.
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Decision Make Capacity
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A patient's ability to make decisions about the provision of medical care for him or herself. As such, it may vary from time to time, or from decision to decision (see also Competence).
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Deontology
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Literally "the study of rules". An ethical theory concerned with following the proper duties pertaining to one's given role. Examples include Kant's Categorical Imperative and Devine Command theories. Contrasted with consequentialism.
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Duty ethics
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The name sometimes attributed to Immanual Kant's system of ethics because of his stress on performing a moral act out of sense of duty, not inclination.
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Emotivism
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The theory that morality is primarily based not on reason but rather on human emotions.
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