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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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138. What is an isolated system in thermodynamics?
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A system is isolated if it doesn't exchange either energy
or material with its environment. |
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139. What is a closed system in thermodynamics?
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A system is closed when it can exchange energy, but no
material with its environment. |
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140. What is an adiabatic transition?
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The transition where no exchange of heat occurs, is
called adiabatic. |
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141. What kind of quantities are called extensive?
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Additive quantities are called extensive.
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142. What is the entropy of a chemically pure, solid crystal at
absolute zero temperature? |
S = 0
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143. Can entropy be negative?
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No, it cannot.
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144. What is the entropy and temperature of a single particle
with velocity v? |
It is not interpreted. Thermodynamics only deals with
systems, i.e. with multitude of particles. |
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145. Is chemical potential an extensive or an intensive
quantity? |
It is an intensive quantity.
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146. Two bodies are in thermodynamic equilibrium (T1=T2).
Can exchange of energy occur between them? |
Yes, but the average amount of energy transmitted by
the bodies to each other is equal. |
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147. What is the entropy change (ΔS) in an isolated system
undergoing a reversible cycle? |
ΔS=0
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148. Is a living system an isolated, closed or open system?
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Open.
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149. Is the second law of thermodynamics valid for a living
system? |
Yes, but it can be applied only if the living system and
the surrounding environment is treated as an isolated system. |
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150. When is a mixture in thermodynamic equilibrium?
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If the chemical potential of all of its components is the
same at each point of the system. |
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151. What is the classical thermodynamic definition of
entropy? |
ΔS = Qrev/T
ΔS: entropy change, Qrev: heat taken up reversibily, T: absolute temperature |
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152. Define the relationship between entropy and
thermodynamic probability! |
S = k ln W
S: entropy, k: Boltzmann constant, W: thermodynamic probability |
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153. Define thermodynamic probability!
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Thermodynamic probability of a macrostate is the
number of microstates associated with the macrostate. |
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154. What is the range of values of thermodynamic
probability (W)? |
1 ≤ W < ∞
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155. What is the range of values of mathematical probability
(P)? |
0 ≤ P ≤1
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156. Which state functions determine the direction of a
chemical reaction in an a., isobaric (p=constant) and b., isochoric (V=constant) transition? Give the definition of these functions! |
a., Gibbs-free energy, G=H-TS
b., Helmholtz-free energy, F=E-TS where H and E are the enthalpy and the internal energy of the system, respectively, and T and S are the absolute temperature and the enthropy of the system, respectively. |
