Bioee 278 Final Vocabulary

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Life History Evolution

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The branch of Evolutionary Biology that studies diversity in reproductive and life strategies.

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Life History

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An individual’s lifetime pattern of allocation of time and energy to fundamental life activities

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Lack's Hypothesis

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Selection will favor the clutch size that produces the most surviving offspring.

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Senesence

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A decline with age in per capita reproductive performance, physiological function or the probability of survival.

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Pleiotropy

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A situation in which a single gene is responsible for more than one effect in the phenotype.

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Sexual Selection

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A type of natural selection. Differential reproductive success due to variation among individuals with different phenotypes in mate acquisition.

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Intrasexual selection

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Often referred to as male-male but can occasionally occur among females too. Occurs when individuals of one sex can monopolize access to members of the other sex via

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Intersexual selection

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Often referred to as female choice but can sometimes occur among males. Occur when individuals of one sex mate non-randomly with respect to the phenotypes of members of the opposite selecting

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Good genes hypothesis

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Phenotypic traits are direct signals of individual fitness.

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Hamilton-Zuk Hypothesis

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Trait is maladaptive, but linked to some adaptive variation. Ex: Showy display that is difficult to maintain but is linked to lower parasite incidence.

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Handicap hypothesis

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Trait is maladaptive, but survival with the trait is an indicator of high fitness.

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Pre-existing sensory bias

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Also called sensory explotation. Female preference for certain male traits evolves prior to the appearance of the male trait.

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Hybrid zones

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occur “when genetically distinct groups of individuals meet and mate, resulting in at least some offspring of mixed ancestry.

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Hybrid vigor

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Where hybrids are more fit than either parent.

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Altruism

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Behavior that decreases the fitness of the actor and increases the fitness of the recipient.

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Inclusive fitness

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An individual’s total fitness, the sum of its direct fitness and its indirect fitness (via the reproduction of relatives). By aiding relatives, individuals pass along that shared component of their genome.

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Eusociality

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An extreme form of kin selection in which almost all members of the community do not reproduce.

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Parent-offspring conflict

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Occurs when the behavior optimizing the fitness of a parent differs from the optimum for an offspring individual.

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Clade Great Apes

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First proposed by Huxley as the clade within which humans evolved.

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Virulence

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The damage inflicted by a pathogen upon its host.