Bioee 261 Prelim 2 Review Terms

Front 1

Communities

Back 1

Populations of different species that interact with each other.

Front 2

Niche Concept

Back 2

Describes the environment/habitat that a species occupies and describes the functional role/biological interactions a species has in a community (ex: producer, predator)

Front 3

Guild

Back 3

A group of species with the same functional role. Ex: Pollinators.

Front 4

Eveness

Back 4

The relative abundance of species.

Front 5

Shannon-Weiner Index

Back 5

A measure of diversity that takes into account both species number and eveness.

Front 6

Emergent Properties

Back 6

Properties that are not important at one hierarchal level but are important at another. Ex: Diversity is not important at the level of the individual but is at the level of the population.

Front 7

Spatial Heterogeneity Hypothesis

Back 7

Physically or biologically complex habitats provide more niches.

Front 8

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Back 8

Two species that occupy the same niche cannot coexist indefinitely.

Front 9

Strong interactors

Back 9

Species whose introduction/removal cause significant community change.

Front 10

Dominant species

Back 10

species that are strong interactors because they occupy a large amount of biomass

Front 11

Keystone Species

Back 11

A species whose influence on the community is disproportionately large compared to its biomass.

Front 12

Excosystem Engineers

Back 12

Strong interactors due to the fact that they physically change their habitat. Ex: Beavers build dams.

Front 13

Stability

Back 13

Constancy of a community in the face of disturbance.

Front 14

Rivet Hypothesis

Back 14

Species are tightly associated

Front 15

Ecosystem Driver Hypothesis

Back 15

Some species play important roles in the ecosystem while others are easily replaceable.

Front 16

Functional Redundancy Hypothesis

Back 16

There is a broad overlap in species function and one species' function loss can be replaced by another.

Front 17

Sucession

Back 17

The reestablishment of a community after a disturbance.

Front 18

Primary sucession

Back 18

Sucession on newly exposed geological substrates. Not yet modified by organisms. Ex: Newl formed lava.

Front 19

Secondary sucession

Back 19

Reestablishment on a section of land that recently supported life.

Front 20

Sere

Back 20

The series of stages that follow each other in succession.

Front 21

Pioneer community

Back 21

the first community in a series of successional communities after a disturbance

Front 22

climax community

Back 22

A community whose population remains stable unless affected by a disturbance. Late successional stage.

Front 23

Facilitation

Back 23

Mechanism of Succession that allows other species to move in.

Front 24

Inhibition

Back 24

Early colonists stop later colonists from moving in due to releasing toxins or hosting parasites to which only it is immune.

Front 25

Tolerance

Back 25

Species can become established and invade independently of other species.

Front 26

Radom colonization

Back 26

Chance plays the biggest role in succession

Front 27

Chronosequence

Back 27

The series of ages represented by study sites.

Front 28

Patch

Back 28

A relatively homogeneous area that differs from its surroundings.

Front 29

Matrix

Back 29

The area that surrounds a patch

Front 30

Landscape elements

Back 30

Distinctive patches within a landscape

Front 31

Argillic Horizons

Back 31

Clay layers that can be found in older soil profiles

Front 32

Competition relationship

Back 32

Negative effects on both individuals. Selection pressure: Avoid

Front 33

Predator/Prey relationship

Back 33

Positive effect on one individuals, negative effect on the other. Selection pressure: Escape

Front 34

Herbivore/food relationship

Back 34

Positive effect on one individual, negative effect on the other. Selection Pressure: use/defend

Front 35

Parasite/host relationship

Back 35

Positive effect on one individual, negative on the other. Selection pressure: immune defense

Front 36

mutualist/mutualist

Back 36

positive effect on both individuals. selection pressure: increase

Front 37

Competition

Back 37

Negative effects that an organism has on another organism by controlling or consuming a scarce resource.

Front 38

Interference Competition

Back 38

Competition in which behavioral component is present.

Front 39

Exploitation competition

Back 39

competition in which no behavioral component is present

Front 40

Intraspecific competition

Back 40

Competition between members of the same species. Must occur before interspecific competition.

Front 41

Interspecific competition

Back 41

competition between different species

Front 42

self-thinning

Back 42

Competition for scarce resources reduces density.

Front 43

Interference competition

Back 43

the direct, agressive interaction between individuals

Front 44

resource competition

Back 44

competition involving the use of limited resources

Front 45

Dead-end hosts

Back 45

hosts in which the parasite or pathogen on the host cannot be transmitted to any other species afterwards

Front 46

Parasitoid

Back 46

An insect whose larvae consumes the host and kills it in the process. Functionally equivalent to a parasite.

Front 47

Exploitation

Back 47

the process of making a living at another organism's expense

Front 48

masting

Back 48

when prey reproduces all at once so that predators cannot eat all of them

Front 49

batesian mimicry

Back 49

when animals look like poisonous plants or animals but are not

Front 50

mullerian mimicry

Back 50

when plants or animals display bright colors or distinctive patterns and actually are poisonous

Front 51

optimal foraging theory

Back 51

predicts that predators will go after the prey that gives the most energy for the effort