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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dichotomous key
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a written tool for identification of plants and animals. It is written as a sequence of paired questions, the choice of which determines the next pair of questions until a name or identification is reached
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couplet
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pair of answers that lead to next sequence
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specific epithet
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the species name when using scientific names. (e.g. melanogaster from D. melanogaster)
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attributes of prokaryotes
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diameter of 1-5µm, unicellular but many form colonies, three types, 1/100th as much DNA as eukaryote
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cell wall
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necessary so cell won't lyse in hypotonic environment
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fimbriae
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an "appendage" that attaches to other cells allowing them to transfer substrates and form a colony
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plasmids
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small extrachromosomal rings
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taxis & types
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taxis = the ability to move toward or away from a stimulus; chemotaxis is attraction to (positive chemotaxis) or repulsion from (negative chemotaxis) a chemical
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binary fission
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asexual reproduction of prokaryotes
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horizontal gene transfer
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transformation, conjugation, transduction
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transformation
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take DNA from surrounding environment
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conjugation
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formation of cytoplasmic bridges & transfer plasmids
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transduction
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DNA moved by a virus
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endospore
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prokaryote DNA surrounded by an extremely protective cell wall, non-metabolic, "hibernation" of bacteria until conditions are favorable for metabolic activity
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photoautotrophy
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light energy + non-organic carbon = food (common)
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chemoautotrophy
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chemical energy + non-organic carbon = food
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photoheterotrophy
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light energy + organic = food (rare)
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chemoheterotrophy
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chemical energy + organic carbon = food (common)
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obligate aerobes
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must use O2
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facultative anaerobes
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will use O2, but can be anaerobic
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obligate anaerobes
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do not use O2
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capsule
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allows cell to adhere to surfaces
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sex pili
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type of fimbriae that connects with another cell and facilitates the transfer of plasmids; type of cytoplasmic bridge
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