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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Radial
Which animals show these? |
Animal body plan having four or more roughly equivalent parts around a central axis
ie. Starfish, jellyfish, octopus |
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Define Bilateral Symmetry
Which animals show these? |
Body plan with a main axis from anterior to posterior end, separated into right and left sides
ie. lobster, fish, etc |
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Give the 16 phyla names and give examples of animals in them and give their characteristics.
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(FAB ARMS CAME RAV)
Flatworms, Arthropods, Birds Amphibians, Reptiles, Mollusks, Sponges Chordates Cnidarians, Annelids, Mammals, Echinoderms (Nematoda)Roundworms, Amniotes, Vertebrates Flatworms - bilateral, hermaphrodites, organ systems (flukes, tapeworms) Annelids - segmented worms (earthworms, leeches, marine worms) Birds - diverged from small dinosaurs, feathers developed from reptile scales and are insulation and flight mechanisms Amphibians - all require water at some time, lay eggs in H2O, less efficient lungs than other vertebrates, breath through skin (Frogs, toads, salamanders) Reptiles/Amniotes - tough scaly skin, adapted to life on land, amniote eggs, water-conserving kidneys (crocodiles, turtles, snakes, lizards) Mollusks - Bilateral, soft-bodied, many have a shell, mantle secretes shell and drapes over the body (gastropods, cephalopods, bivalves, chitons, etc snails) Sponges - no symmetry tissues or organs, reproduces sexually, not motile, microscopic swimming larva Cnidarian - hydrostatic skeleton (water pressure), saclike gut, medusa and polyp forms, nerve net (jellyfish, corrals, hydras) Chordates- notochord supports body, nervous system develops from dorsal nerve chord, embryos have tail that extends past anus (tadpoles) Amniotes (above with Reptiles) Mammals - hair, mammary glands, teeth, developed brain, extended care for young Echinoderms- body wall has spines, tube feet, no brain, adults are radial (sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars) Roundworms-bilateral, complete digestive system, most free-living, some parasitize plants, animals and humans (Elephantitis) Arthropod-invertebrate (no spine), group with greatest # species, four lineages (spiders, mites, crabs, shrimp, insects, centapedes) Vertabrates-shift from notochord chordate to vertebral column, nerve chord expanded into brain, jaws, fins evolved into limbs, gills evolved into lungs |
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What adaptations of arthropods make them so successful? (6)
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jointed appendages to move better
division of labor (ie catepillar to butterfly) hardened exoskeletons fused and modified body segments specialized sensory structures |
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What adaptations of vertebrates (chordates) make them more successful at life?
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notochord to vertebral column
nerve chord extended into brain evolve jaws fins into limbs gills into lungs |
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What adaptations of amniotes make them more successful?
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Adapt to life on land by:
tough scaly skin, internal fertilization, amniote eggs, water-conserving kidneys |
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What are the basic characteristics of chordates? (4) Give examples of each of the animals in each of the classes of chordates. (5)
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Notochord supports body
Nervous system develops from dorsal nerve chord Embryos have phyarynx with Slits Embryos have tail that extends past anus Animal classes: 1. jawed fishes - cartinaginous fishes (sharks, rays) bony fishes (lungfishes, lobe-finned fishes) 2. Amphibians 3. reptiles 4 birds 5 mammals |
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What are the basic characteristics of monotremes? Give examples of animals in this order.
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egg-laying mammals (platypus, birds)
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What are the basic characteristics of marsupials? Give examples of animals in this order.
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pouched mammals (kangaroo)
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What are the basic characteristics of placentals? Give examples of animals in this order.
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largest group (monkeys)
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What are the 5 characteristics of animals?
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1 multicelled heterotrophic (can't make its food) eukaryotes (has nucleus)
2 Requires oxygen for aerobic respiration 3 Reproduce sexually, perhaps asexually 4 Motile at some stage 5 Undergoes development |
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Radial Symmetry
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Animal body plan having four or more roughly equivalent parts around a central axis
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Bilateral Symmetry
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Body plan with a main axis from anterior to posterior end, separated into right and left sides
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Coelom
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In most animals, a cavity between the gut and body wall that is lined with a tissue
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Hydrostatic Skeleton
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Of many soft-bodied invertebrates, a fluid-filled cavity or cell mass against which contractile cells act (water pressure)
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Cephalization
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Evolutionary, the concentration of sensory structures and nerve cells in a head
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hermaphrodites
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male and female body parts
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exoskeleton
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External skeleton
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Monophyletic
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descended from a common ancestor in which the derived trait that characterizes the group first evolved
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