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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cloning |
Exact replica of the parent |
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vegetative growth |
Taking a part of a plant and making a brand new one |
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Binary fission |
After replicating its genetic material, the cell divides into two nearly equal sized daughter cells. |
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Budding |
When plants grow a little bud that falls off and makes a second plant that starts growing. Excluding coral reef |
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Mitosis |
Genetic material is duplicated and divided – both new cells have identical chromosomes |
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Meiosis |
The formation of the sex cells, the father can make unlimited sperm and the mother can only make 1 egg each cycle. |
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Ecosystem |
All the organisms living in a particular area, As well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water, and sunlight |
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Species |
A common definition is that of a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring of both sexes (except in the case of asexually reproducing species). |
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Adaptation |
Changes the body to match a location. |
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Niche |
describes the role of an organism within a particular ecosystem; its place and function. |
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Commensalism |
Neither is harmed, a bird builds a nest in a tree, Barnacles on whales (transportation for barnacles, whales are not affected). |
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Mutualism |
The relationship benefits both species, Bee and flower, plant root and mycorrhizae (fungus), Plant supplies fungus with carbohydrates, Mycorrhizae supplies plant with a larger surface area for water and nutrient absorption |
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Parasitism |
The relationship harms one organism and benefits the other, Parasites don’t usually kill their hosts intentionally (would end their food supply). |
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Asexual Reproduction |
The formation of an offspring involving only one parent, DNA of the offspring is identical to parent (clone). No possibility for variation or adaptation. If the ecosystem of climate changes the organism is unable to adapt, Many offspring can be produced quickly. |
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Sexual Reproduction |
The union of two mating types or two sexes, Results in a combination of genes from both parents, Both parents supply genetic material - the offspring is not exactly like either one. |
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Gametes |
Sex cells are called gametes. The gametes carry the genetic information of the parents. |
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Variation |
a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits. |
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Biodiversity |
he variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. |
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resistance |
the refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument. |
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sexual dimorphism |
distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves. |
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speciation |
the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. |
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STRUCTUAL ADPATATION |
Structural adaptations are physical features of an organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a bear. |
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behavioural adaptation |
Behavioral adaptations are the things organisms do to survive. For example, bird calls and migration are behavioral adaptations. |
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Environment |
the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. |
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generalist |
a competent in several different fields or activities. |
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specialist |
something that specifies in one thing only |
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narrow niche |
The reverse side of this would be a narrow niche, in which the organism must have very specific environmental conditions to survive and only plays a limited role in its habitat. |
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broad niche |
A broad niche creature may also be called a generalist, while a narrow niche organism may be called a specialist. |
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diversity index |
A diversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as species) there are in a dataset, and simultaneously takes into account how evenly the basic entities (such as individuals) are distributed among those types. |
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symbiosis |
interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both. |
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heritable |
able to be inherited, in particular. |
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spores |
a minute, typically one-celled, reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion, characteristic of lower plants, fungi, and protozoans. |
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zygote |
a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum. |
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embryo |
an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development. |
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genetics |
the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. |
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continuous variation |
Continuous variation is variation that has no limit on the value that can occur within a population. |
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discrete variation |
variation in phenotypic traits in which types are grouped into discrete categories with few or no intermediate phenotypes |
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dominant |
most important, powerful, or influential. |
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genotype |
the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
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phenotype |
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
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heterozygous |
The genetics term heterozygous refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they're different. |
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homozygous |
If you're homozygous, you've got a pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait. |
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recessive |
relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.2. |
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co dominant |
Alleles that are masked or hidden by dominant alleles are known as recessive alleles |
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mutation |
the action or process of mutating. |
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mutagen |
an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation. |
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dna |
at, cg. deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
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gene |
(in informal use) a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. |
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chromosome |
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. 46,23 |
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chromosomal abnormality (monosomy, trisomy) |
A chromosome anomaly, abnormality, aberration, or mutation is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. |
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genetic engineering/bio tech |
the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc./ the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. |
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domestication |
to convert (animals, plants, etc.) to domestic uses; tame. ... to tame (an animal), especially by generations of breeding, to live in close association with human beings as a pet or work animal and usually creating a dependency so that the animal loses its ability to live in the wild. |
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artificial selection |
artificial selection definition. The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits. Organisms with the desired traits, such as size or taste, are artificially mated or cross-pollinated with organisms with similar desired traits. (Compare natural selection.) |
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natural selection |
he process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution. |
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selective |
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. |
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transgenic animal |
Transgenic animals are animals (most commonly mice) that have had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. |
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in vitro fertilization |
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child. During IVF, mature eggs are collected (retrieved) from your ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab. |
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extinction |
the state or process of a species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct. |
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extirpation |
verb (used with object), extirpated, extirpating. 1. to remove or destroy totally; do away with; exterminate. 2. |
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punnentt |
The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C |
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invasive |
As per Executive Order 13112 an "invasive species" is defined as a species that is: 1) non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and. 2) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. |
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in-situ conservation |
In-situ conservation is the on-site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of tree species. |
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ex-situ conversation |
In Situ Conservation Methods. ... Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities. |
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seed bank/gene bank |
The soil seed bank is the natural storage of seeds, often dormant, within the soil of most ecosystems. The study of soil seed banks started in 1859 when Charles Darwin observed the emergence of seedlings using soil samples from the bottom of a lake./ Gene banks are a type of biorepository which preserve genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing cuttings from the plant, or stocking the seeds (e.g. in a seedbank). For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. |
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Benefits of biodiversity |
-Allows for continual improvement of species (behaviorally and physically). -Helps maintain the food cycle Example: Mosquitoes -Provides different sources to discover new and alternative medicine and food. Example: Pacific Yew Tree and the cancer drug Taxol |
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importance of variation |
reasons include not everyone looks the same which allows more chooses, plus so if there was a disease it would wipe everyone out. |
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where generalist/ specialist thrive |
generalist can live in many places because they can live off of more than one thing/ specialist can only live off one thing and one thing only |
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advantages/ disadvantages of asexual repo. |
advantages it is fast and easy, disadvantages no variation. |
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advantages/ disadvantages of sexual repo. |
lots of variation disadvantage is it takes longer and more complex. |
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risk and advantages of goo foods |
there have been no long term research on gmo's so we don't know if they can be harmful/ with the growing population of the world we need to feed everyone and with gmo's we can make more food with less time. |
