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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Symbosis |
Dependence between species |
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Commensalism |
A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is niether harmed nor helped |
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Parasitism |
A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed |
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Mutualism |
A relationship in which each organism benfit |
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Asexual Reproduction |
Ocurrs when there is only one parent that gives rise to the offspring |
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Sexual Reproduction |
Involves the combination of genetic information from two parents to produce offspring |
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Binary Fission |
Cell duplicates it's contents, then splits into identical cells |
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Budding |
Offspring growws from the parent, eventually seperating into its own individual |
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Spores |
Produced by division, many are produced to ensure survival |
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Vegetative Growth |
Continual growth of a plant, replant stems and roots grow |
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Adaptation |
Traits helping survival and reproduction in an environment |
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Behavioural |
Adaptation in the behaviour and actions of a species |
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Structual |
Physical adptation |
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Diversity Index |
Mesurement of diversity |
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Niche |
The role of an organism |
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Generalist |
Organism with a broad niche |
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Specialist |
Organism with a narrow niche |
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Heritable |
Trait passed on by genetics |
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Mitosis |
Cell duplicates and divides |
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Meiosis |
The formation of sex cells |
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Gametes |
Sex cells that are divided to only contain the 23 chromosomes needed |
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Zygote |
Fertilized egg |
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Bacterial Conjugation |
Transfer of genetic material between bacteria |
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Chromosomes |
Collection of genes |
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Eukaryote |
Genetic material is stored in the nucleus, plants and animals |
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Prokaryote |
Has no nucleus, bacteria |
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Dominate Gene |
Gene in which has dominance over a resessive gene
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Recessive Gene |
Gene that you can carry and pass on
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Co-dominance |
Two dominate genes being expressed
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Genetics |
Passing on traits through reproduction
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Continuous Variation |
Trait in which comes in a range
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Discrete Variation |
Trait in which you have or don't have
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Genome |
Total code for human DNA
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Chromosomal Disorders |
Missing, extra or unmatched chromosones causing disorders
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Trisomy 21 |
Extra chromosome in the 21st pair causing Down Syndrome
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Monosomy X |
The lack of an X chromosone in the 23rd pair
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Phenotype |
Gene that you express |
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Genotype |
Gene that you have and carry |
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Mutations |
Changes caused by external factors |
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Cloning |
DNA is taken from one organism and transplanted into a blank fertilized egg, all other cells that are formed are now exact replicas of the host cell |
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Genetic Engineering |
A gene is transported from one species from another |
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Transgenic Animals |
Animals infused with human DNA that can produce human protiens |
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GMO |
Genetically modified organism, foods that are infused with a genetic trait of another species |
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Somatic Cells |
Body cells that divide to form 2 genetically identical cells |
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Artificial Insemination |
Semen is artificially infused into the egg inside the body |
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In Vitro Fertilization |
Egg is artificially inseminated outside the body |
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Artificial Selection |
Humans control the breeding process of other organisms for specific traits |
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Natural Selection |
Environmental factors determine which individuals within a species will survive |
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Extinction |
Species no longer exists |
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Extirpation |
Species is no longer in a particular ecosystem |
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Ex-situ |
Conservation method that takes place outside the species natural habitat ex. zoos and gene banks |
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In-situ |
Conservation method that takes place inside the species natural habitat |
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Homozygous |
Two of the same gene ex. two blue eye genes |
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Heterozygous |
One of either kind of gene ex. brown eye, blue eye |
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Sexual Dimorphism |
Different sexes |
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Resistance |
Variations that collectively improve a species ability to survive |
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Selective Breeding |
Controlled breeding for specific traits |
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Embryo |
Matured zygote that will grow into a fetus |
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DNA |
Building blocks of genes, contains information that is unique to you |
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Gene Bank |
Method of ex-situ conservation in which genes of species are stored and used at a later date |
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Punnet Squares |
Method used to determine the probability of offspring expressing a gene |
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Biological Diversity |
Variety of organisms in an ecosystem |
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Habitat loss |
Biggest cause of diversity loss |
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Advantages of Asexual Reproduction |
-uses little energy -don't need a mate -produces many very fast |
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Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction |
No variation, one change can wipe out the entire population |
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Climate Change |
Causes harm to many ecosystems |
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Invasive Species |
Species introduced, either intentionally or not, into an ecosystem that causes harm to the ecosystem or anther species |
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Benefits of Biodiversity |
-tourism -scientific advances -reduced climate change -flood prevention -culture -improving urban areas |
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Population |
The number of members of a species within an ecosystem |
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Community |
Collective population of all species in an ecosystem |
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Ecosystem |
Organisms living together within an environment |
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Advantages of Sexual Reproduction |
Creates variation within a species |
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Disatvantages of Sexual Reproduction |
-takes a lot of time and energy -must find a mate (except hermaphrodites) |
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Rate of Extinction |
130 species go extinct a day, 12% - 70% of species are threatened by extinction, 1000x the historical average |
