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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glaucophytes |
13 species of freshwater algae |
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Rhodophyta |
Red algae. Ancient multicellular life. No mobile cells/lack flagella. Phycoerythrin for capturing blue light. Agar and nori. |
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Chlorophyta |
Green algae. Freshwater and marine. Chlorophyll a and b. Starch for storage. Unicells-multicellular. Alternation of generations. |
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Isomorphic |
Same form/generations of haploid and diploid |
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Heteromorphic |
Different form/generations of haploid and diploid |
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Isogamous |
Same gametes |
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Anisogamous |
Not the same gametes |
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Streptophytes |
Coleochaetales and Charales |
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Cuticle (life on land) |
Waxy layer for waterproofing |
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Pigments (life on land) |
Protect from UV radiation. Utilize more light wavelengths |
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Gametangia (life on land) |
Enclose and protect gametes |
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Embryos (life on land) |
Sporophyte generation protected by parent plant |
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Resistant spores (life on land) |
Resist decay desication. |
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Vascular tissue (life on land) |
Transport of material throughout plant body, skeletal support |
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Xylem (life on land) |
Water and minerals from roots |
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Phloem |
Products of photosynthesis from site of production. |
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Hepatophyta |
Nontracheophyte. Liverworts. Most ancestral. Asexual reproduction. |
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Bryophyta |
Nontracheophyte. Mosses. Most successful. Apical sporophyte growth. Hydroid cells. |
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Anthocerophyta |
Nontracheophyte. Hornworts. Stomata on leafy gametophyte. Sporophyte grows from base. |
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Lignin |
Reinforces cell wall for tracheophytes. Provides strength. |
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Rhyniophyta |
Xylem and phloem present. Sporophyte dominant. Rhizome. Stomata. Cuticle. |
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Rhizome |
Underground stem |
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Stomata |
Pores/openings on leaves. Gas exchange. |
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Microphyll |
Small. Single strand of vascular tissue. Derived from sporangia. |
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Megaphyll |
Larger, complex. Branched stems. Overtopping. Photosynthetic tissue. |
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Lycophyta |
Nonseed tracheophytes. Club mosses. Ancestral lineages. Microphyll leaves. Dichotomous branching. Apical growth. Strobili. |
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Sphenophyta |
Nonseed tracheophytes. Horsetails. Growth at bases of stem segments. |
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Psilophyta |
Nonseed tracheophytes. Whisk ferns. Reduced leaves. Rhizosomes instead of roots. |
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Pterophyta |
Nonseed tracheophytes. Ferns. Successful group. Sori on underside of leaves. Megaphyll leaves well developed. |
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Sori |
Clusters sporangia. |
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Cycadophyta |
Gymnosperms. Cycads. Retain swimming sperm, but still produce pollen. Dominant during Jurassic. Occur throughout tropics. |
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Gnetophyta |
Gymnosperms. |
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Ginkgophyta |
Gymnosperms. Ginkgos. Living fossil. Dioecious and deciduous. |
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Coniferophyta |
Gymnosperms. Conifers. Dominates forests. Largest oldest plants. |
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Dioecious |
Male and female parts on separate plants. Less common. |
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Monoecious |
Male and female parts on one plant. Most plants. |
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Perfect flower. |
Possess both stamens and carpels. Occur only on monoecious plants. |
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Imperfect flower. |
Possess either stamens or carpels. Monoecious or dioecious plants. |
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Endosperm |
3n. Sperm and polar nuclei. |
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Characteristics of fungi. |
Filamentous growth. Hyphae. Coenocytic. Septate. Dikaryon. Chitin cell wall. Mycelium. |
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Microsporidia |
Fungi. Obligate intracellular parasites. Mostly fish and insects. Polar tube assists invasion. |
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Chytridiomycota |
Fungi. Flagellated gametes(male or female). Parasitic or saprobic. |
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Zygomycota |
Fungi. No septae. Zygote only diploid cell. |
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Glomeromycota |
Fungi. Form AM associations. Mutualism. |
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Ascomycota |
Molds, mildews, yeast. Penicillium. Dietary importance. Decomposers and symbionts. |
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Basidiomycota |
No asexual spores. Prominent fruiting bodies. Largest organisms. Chemical factories. Mushrooms. |
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Coleochaetales |
Plasmodesmata: intracellular connections in plants. Tendency to protect sporophyte. |
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Charales |
Branched apical growth. Molecular data. Chloroplast structure. Cell division. |
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Plant characteristics. |
Multicellular autotrophs. Chlorophyll a and b. Starch for sugar storage. Cell walls of cellulose. Heteromorphic alternation of generations. |
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Nontracheophyte plants |
Dominant gameyophyte generation. Lack true vascular tissue. Occur in moist habitats. Lack differentiated organs. Homosporous. |
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Tracheophyte innovations. |
Vascular tissue derived from tracheids. Cell wall reinforced with lignin. Xylem and phloem. Complex leaves, stems, roots. Sporophyte dominant generation. |
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Nonseed tracheophytes. |
Sporophyte dominant. Water required for fertilization. |
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Seed components |
Seed coat (parent sporophyte), nutritional resource (megagametophyte), and dormant embryonic sporophyte. |
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Angiosperms |
Flowering plants. Mesozoic origin. Flowers derived from modified leaves. Coevolution with insects. Most diverse lineage of plants. |
