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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are echinoderms most closely related to chordates |
They are both deuterostomes and have an endoskeleton |
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Four major groups of plants |
Mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms |
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Describe Mosses |
Bryophytes (simple land plants), non-vascular (absorb water from air by diffusion) Swimming sperm No lignin tissue- restricted to small size Gametophyte dominant |
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Describe ferns |
Both vascular and non-vascular Have: lignin, spores (not seeds), stomata, cuticles sporophyte dominant (but non-vascular is gametophyte dominant) |
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Describe gymnosperms |
CONES Seeds surrounded in cone Have pollen and ovules, larger leaves, and roots. |
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Describe angiosperms |
Seeds are protected in a fruit and produce flowers Double fertilization/flower |
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What are the improvements from non-vascular to vascular plants |
Can grow larger w/ lignin, true roots, cuticles and stoma control water loss, larger leaves for greater photosynthetic area, Removes water dependency, |
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What is alteration of generation |
During part of plant life cycle , they are gametophyte (haploid) and during part if they’re life cycle they are sporophyte (diploid) |
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Where did plants evolve from |
Aquatic green algae |
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Comparison of monocot and dicot |
Arrangement of flower parts? Multiples of 3, multiples of 4/5 Vein structure? Parallel, netlike Vascular bundle? Scattered, arranged in rings Seed leaves (cotyledons)? One, two |
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What is transpiration |
The evaporation of water from leaves |
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Four processes within a plant to move water from roots to leaves |
Root pressure-water moves into epidermis cells of roots by osmosis creating root pressure which pushes water into vascular cylinder. Cohesion-hydrogen bonding causes long chain of water molecules, when one is pulled, rest follow. Adhesion- water hydrogen bond to walls of xylem tubes. If pressure decreases, water does not fall back down Transpiration pull- when one molecule of water is evaporated from stomata, next is pulled up the xylem. Necessary for y’all trees to move water to top leaves |
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Mycorrhizae |
Association of fungi and root hairs Fungi penetrates root hairs and pipe in minerals Plant absorbs more minerals and fungi receives nutrients from plant |
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Three functions of transpiration |
Transport of water from roots to leaves Cooling Maintaining tugor pressure for plant rigidity |
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Role of cuticles and leaf hairs |
Cuticles: reduce water loss by blocking air flow Leaf hairs: trap moisture |
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Characteristics of fungi |
Unlike plants, fungi are heterotrophs - they absorb nutrients from outside by releasing hydrolytic enzymes and then absorbing resulting organic molecules. Have chitin in cell wall not cellulose Have hyphae instead of roots |
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Examples of fungi |
Mushroom, yeast, mold |
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Characteristics of protists |
Eukaryotic, mostly unicellular. Wide diversity. Some heterotrophs, autotrophs, saprphytes |
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Examples of protists |
Diatoms, paramecium, euglena, dinoflagellates, algae, stentor, vorticella |
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8 invertebrate phylums |
Porifera- sponges Cnidaria- jellyfish, sea anemone Platyhelminthes- flatworms Nematoda- roundworms Annelida- segmented worms (earth worms, leaches) Molluscs- molluscs, snails, slugs, squids Arthropoda- insects, crabs/shrimp, spiders, barnacles Echinodermata- sea star |
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Mushroom tissues and structure |
Body is mostly filaments forming network called hyphae Hyphae consists of tubular cell walls mycelium- fungus body, underground, formed by masses of hyphae Above ground structure is for reproduction. Gills- used for producing and dispersing spores. |
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Xylem and phloem |
Xylem: transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to upper parts of plants Phloem: transports glucose from leaves down to other parts of plants that connot do their own photosynthesis |
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Cambium |
Produces vascular tissue and increases thickness of stem. Helps plant grow. |
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What makes an organism a protist |
It is a eukaryote that cannot be classified as a plant, animal or fungus Live in water or moist soil Cannot be complex |
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Porifera |
Asymmetrical, respire through diffusion, hermaphrodites, sexual/asexual reproduction, sessile adults mobile larvae SPICULES |
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Annelida |
Segmented worms Digestive organs, basic kidney, ganglia, closed circulation system SETAE for movement |
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Arthropoda |
Insects/crabs Good nerves/muscles/brain, compound eyes/ears/chemical receptors, all sexual reproduction/separate sexes EXOSKELETON |
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Echinodermata |
Sea star Radial symmetry, move slowly or sessile, endoskeleton, deuterostomes TUBE FEET |
