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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dual hormone regulation aka agonsit- antagonsit are invovled in
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metabolic homeostasis
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Give two examples of dual hormone control of metabolism
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insulin and glucagon
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin |
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which hormone is active during the absorptive state
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insulin, helps store blood glucose
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how is energy used for short term used stored
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glucose, used for glycolysis
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how is energy stored for long term use
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stored in liver as glycogen or fat
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What hormone is active during the post absorptive state
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glucagon
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what is the set point for blood glucose
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90mg/ml
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What is the sensor in the glucose metabolism system
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the pancrease
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What cells are the effector in insulin signaling
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most cells except the brain respond to insulin and take up glucose, decreasing blood glucose levels
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describe the relationship between the levels of insulin and the levels of glucagon in the blood
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inverse relationship
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why is more insulin than glucagon needed to counter act the effects of glucagon?
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insulin has a lower affinity for its receptor
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What occurs after a high protein meal
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increase in amino acids but not glucose, the rise in insulin can cause glucose levels to drop, glucagon moblizes glucose stores to prevent hyperglycemia
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why does the adkins diet work in the short term but not long term
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short term works because energy is being pulled from stores but doesn't work in the long run because glucagon receptors get down regulated
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Describe type 1 diabetes
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an autoimmune disease that destroys the beta cells of the pancrease
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Describe type 2 diabetes
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insulin resistance, target cells do not respond
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How would the blood glucose levels of a person with diabetes and a person with impared tolerance compare to those of a normal person about 30 minutes after a carb meal
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normal- insulin would work, blood glucose levels would return
diabetes- insulin levels would continue to increase, may plateau intolerance- glucose levels would decrease but takes longer start and finish |
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Why is diabetes an insulin associated disorder
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lots of hormones antagonize the effects of insulin but insulin is the only hormone that works to lower blood glucose
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which hormone acts synerginistically with glucagon
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epinepherine
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define glucosurea
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glucose in the urine
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What is the cause of glucosurea
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When a person has diabetes and can't lower their blood glucose levels, the kidney can't keep up and reabsorb everything, when the system is saturated, the excess glucose is excreted in the urine
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Why do people with untreated diabetes tend to urinate frequently and with high volume
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glucosurea occurs becase the kidney can't reabsorb all the blood glucose, the urine increses in osmolarity because of all the excess glucose so excess water is added
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How does epinephrine relate to insulin
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epinephrine increases blood glucose levels, it antagonizes insulin
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