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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Story of Prometheus?
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Prometheus stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans. He was punished by having a portion of his liver eaten each day by an eagle. Due to the regenerative nature of the liver, he suffered every day.
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What are 3 examples of tissue/organ regeneration in Biology?
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1. limbs and tails of salamanders
2. deer antlers 3. plugging holes in bat wings |
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What are 3 reasons organ donation/transplantation is limited?
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1. Critical shortage of COMPATIBLE organs
2. immune complications like rejection 3. high health-care costs |
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Historically, external prosthetic devices were made of what? Examples?
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Everyday materials. Egyptians used wooden toes, a hook for a hand.
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What has been the general progression of hand prostheses?
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Aesthetic --> finger movement --> holding stuff --> both!
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What has been the general progression for leg prostheses?
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Stiff + lacking joints --> metal w/ joints --> carbon fiber blades
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Historically, implanted prosthetics were what?
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Ordinary or synthetic materials used by trial and error
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What are 1 examples of ordinary materials used in implanted prostheses?
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Decelled pig intestines recelled with human cells
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What is an example of synthetic materials used by trial and error historically in implanted prostheses?
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Girdle tubes for vascular repair
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Biomaterials are designed to be what 3 things?
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1. non-toxic
2. non-pyrogenic 3. non-allergenic, etc. |
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Currently, in the field of Biomaterials, what are they striving to do?
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Make biomaterials for biorecognition (by cells and proteins) in order to be precise, defined, and maintain timely biological processes
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Prior to 1975, what was the focus in biomaterials?
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bioMATERIALS
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From 1975 - 2000, what was the focus in biomaterials?
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BIOMATERIALS
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After 2000, what was the focus in biomaterials?
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BIOmaterials
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What is Tissue Engineering?
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Combines principles of physio, life sci, engin., and med. to develop safe + effective substitutes of native tissues in order to restore, maintain, and improve function!
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What are Anchorage Dependent Cells? Exception?
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Cells that need to be attached to something in order to survive. Exception is blood cells!
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What is an early example of IN VITRO TE constructs?
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Biodegradable scaffolds for chondrocytes (nose)
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Where has TE had major success?
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1. Skin
2. Cartilage |
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What are 5 major TE developments?
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1. Heart valves
2. Blood vessels 3. Bladder 4. Esophagus 5. Trachea |
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What are some issues/complications with TE?
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Difficult to maintain 2+ cell lines in scaffold
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What is Functional TE?
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New tissues that function/closely match native counterparts
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What are the current limitations of TE?
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1. Vascularization
2. Innervation |
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What are Bioderived Extra-Cellular Matrices?
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Materials made from other biological materials, like pig small intestine submucosa.
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What are the 7 steps of Protein-Engineered Biomaterials?
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1. Design a DNA template
2. Encode into recombinant plasmid 3. Use plasmid to transfect the host cell of choice 4. Translate genetic message + express engineered material 5. Purify the product protein 6. Process to fabricate a protein scaffold 7. Analyze scaffold in vivo and in vitro methods |
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What are 6 New Directions for Biomaterials?
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1. Bioderived extra-cellular matrices
2. Self-healing materials 3. Protein-Engineered Biomaterials 4. Stem Cells 5. Growth Factors 6. Genes |
