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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitamin A
deficiency |
night blindness (rhodopsin),
xerophthalmia, bitots spots, hyperkeratosis |
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Vitamin A
functions |
forms rhodopsin -> vision,
epithelial differentiation, bone growth, spermatogenesis, blocking fetal resorption |
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Vitamin C
functions |
coenzyme for hydroxylation, esp. during collagen synthesis
antioxidant |
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Vitamin C
deficiency |
scurvy (dec. collagen):
sore, spongy gums, loose teeth, fragile blood vessels + anemia, swollen joints |
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Vitamin D
functions |
promotes bone mineralization:
+ GI uptake of Ca + renal reabsorption of Ca + Ca mobilization from bone gene expression |
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Vitamin D
deficiency |
rickets - children
osteomalacia - adults |
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Vitamin D deficiency causes
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impaired availibility
impaired hydroxylation in liver impaired kidney production of 1,25(OH)2D3 |
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Vitamin D people at risk of def.
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Breast fed infants dark skin elderly covering of exposed skin fat malabsorption syndromes IBD |
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Vitamin E
functions |
α-tocopherol -protects PUFA from per-oxidation -decrease oxidation of LDL affects cholesterol metabolism |
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Vitamin E
deficiency |
Causes:Malnutrition fat metabolism disorders α-TPP defect(rare) muscle pain |
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Vitamin K
functions |
blood clotting factors
(via Glu carboxylation) carboxylation of the bone protein osteocalcin |
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Vitamin K
deficiency |
hemorrhage disease in newborn
easy bruising long term AB use High doses of Vit A and E |
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biotin functions (B7)
|
cofactor for carboxylations:
pyruvate -> oxaloacetate acetyl-CoA -> malonyl-CoA |
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biotin(B7)
deficiency |
dermatitis, enteritis
depression numbness and tingling |
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thiamine (B₁)
functions |
Precursor of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) cofactor for:pyruvate -> acetyl CoA α-ketoglutarate -> succinyl CoA ribose 5-P -> glyceraldehyde 3-P |
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thiamine (B₁)
deficiency |
Beriberi (polished rice):
Infants - tachycardia, vomiting, convulsions Adults (dry) - neuropathy, mental Δ Adults (wet) - same + cardiomyopathy/CHF/edema Wernicke-Korsakoff (EtOH): apathy, dec. memory, rhythmic eye movements |
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riboflavin (B₂)
functions |
FAD, FMN cofactors
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riboflavin (B₂)
deficiency |
angular stomatitis,
ariboflavinosis inflamination of lips, cracking of the corner of mouth dry scaly skin |
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niacin (B₃)
functions |
NAD, NADP cofactors
can be derived from tryptophan + B₆ |
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niacin (B₃)
deficiency |
slows metabolism
pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis, |
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pantethenate (B₅)
functions |
component of CoA (acetylation)
component of acyl carrier protein metabolism of carbohydrate via tca cycle |
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pantethenate (B₅) deficiency |
numbness tingling of hands and feet vomiting and fatigue |
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pyridoxine (B₆)
functions |
cofactor for transamination
cofactor of glycogen phosphorylase |
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pyridoxine (B₆)
deficiency |
glossitis, convulsions, mental Δ, periph. neuropathy
primary cause: isoniazid (TB) common in alcoholics |
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cobalamin (B₁₂)
functions |
synthesis of methionine
synthesis of succinyl CoA |
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cobalamin (B₁₂)
absorption |
requires intrinsic factor,
absorbed in terminal ileum, stored in liver Schilling test detects deficiency |
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cobalamin (B₁₂)
deficiency |
megaloblastic anemia,
CNS symptoms skin hypersensitivity |
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folic acid (B9) functions |
Coenzyme in single carbon transfer reactions synthesis of SAM synthesis of AA |
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folic acid (B9) deficiency |
megaloblastic anaemia plasma homocysteine increase neutrophils become hypersegmented In preggers: low birth weight, neutral tube defects |
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Recommendation of folic acid for 1 month preconception and 1st trimester |
400mcg/day |
