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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
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DNA, in addition to being REPLICATED, is TRANSCRIBED to RNA which is TRANSLATED to PROTEIN
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What are the phase of mitosis?
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Pro, Meta, And and Telephases
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During which phase of the Cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
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S phase
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Where does transciption and translation take place in the cell?
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transcription = nucteus
Translation = cytoplasm |
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How big is an RNA copy from small portion of DNA?
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10000 to 100000 bases
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Which cells go through the G0 phase?
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Cells that have stopped cycling, such as muscle and nerve cells
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What id happening during the G2 phase?
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proofreading of replicated DNA and synthesis of proteins needed for mitosis, such as microtubule proteins.
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What makes up interphase?
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G1, S, and G2 (everything except M phase)
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What is the sugar involved with RNA?
DNA? |
RNA = Ribose
DNA = 2-Deoxyribose |
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How many carbons are in Ribose?
2-Deoxyribose |
Ribose = 5
2-Deoxyribose = 5 |
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What are the important carbons of Ribose?
2-Deoxyribose? Why are these important? |
The important carbons are:
1, 3, 5 1 = Where we will attach a base 3 = part of phosphodiester bond that links nucleotides 5 = part of phosphodiester bond that links nucleotides |
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What is the difference between Ribose and 2-Deoxyribose?
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On ribose there is an OH group on Carbon number 2, whereas on 2-Deoxyribose there is no OH group on Carbon 2, hence the name DEOXYribose.
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What are the two catagories of bases found in nucleic acids?
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purines and pyrimidines
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Which bases are purines?
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Adenine and Guanine
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Which bases are pyrimidines?
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Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine
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Structurally, what distinguished purines from pyrimidines?
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Purines have 2 rings whereas pyrimidines have only 1 ring
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What is the distinguishing characteristics of the pyrimidines?
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one ring, and with very little change you can convert Uracil to both Cytosine and Thymine
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What is the distinguishing feature of Adenosine?
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Adenosine only has an amino group, and it has 2 rings because it is a purine.
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Structurally, what is the difference between Thymine and uracil?
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If you simply add a methyl group to Uracil, you produce Thymine
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What methylates purines and pyrimidines?
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Not SAM, it is FOLATE
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What is a distinguishing feature of cytosine and what is it's significance?
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Cytosine has an amino group and thus can be deaminated.
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What hapens to deaminated cytosine?
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When a cytosine loses the amino group it becomes uracil.
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What makes up a nucleotide?
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One or more Phosphate groups plus a nucleoside.
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What makes up a nucleoside?
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Nucleosides are formed by convalently linking a base to a sugar.
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What carbon of the sugar does the base bind to?
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carbon 1
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What carbon do the phosphate groups bind to?
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5' carbon
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What is the charge of DNA?
Do to what? What is this important? |
Negative charge due to the negatively charged phosphate group.
allows us to isolate DNA and RNA by electrophosesis |
