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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Number of codons
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61 for AAs
3 termination codons 64 total |
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Point mutation
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Change in a single bp of DNA
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Silent mutation
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Mutations that do not result in a change in AA sequence and do not alter portien funtion.
They may affect splicing or transcriptional control, or codon selection because the noncoding portion has been altered. |
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Missense mutations
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miss a step and add something else
Change in a base that causes the incorporatio of a different AA in a protein. This is the case in sickle cell |
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Nonsense mutation
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Causes a misread and you want to read more, or stop to make sense of it
Point mutation that causes a formation or loss of a termination codon |
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Wobble pairing
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This allows tRNA to recognize more than one bp, by using modified bps in the anticodon, since the genetic code is degenerate(only 20AA for 64 codons)
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Ribosomal structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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Ekaryotic Ribsomes have two subunits; small = 40s and large = 60s combined =80s
Prokaryotic small = 30s large = 50s and total = 70s |
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Methylated tRNAs
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Can prevent the formation of certain bp and reduce expression
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Anticodon
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Place on mRNA the tRNA sees
template recognition site the tRNAs bind to |
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Amonoacy tRNA synthetases
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aatRNA syns are the CCA on switch
Adds an aminoacyl group(CCA 3' end) to each tRNA and charges them. The charged tRNA then bonds to the A(acceptor site) before moving to the P(peptidyl site), forming the peptide bond, and finally to the E(exit site). One synthetase for each tRNA. |
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Selective formylation
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formylate to translate
Initatiates translation in prokaryotes |
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Translocase(eIF-2A)
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2A = 80s
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2A catalyzes the formation of puromycin senstive 80s intiation complex |
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eIF-3
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40s crazy glue
Scaffolding factor that helps connect the 40s ribosome to mRNA |
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eIF-4E
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Initiation brake
Binds to the 5' cap of mRNA in rate dependent translation it is the rate limiting step |
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EF-2
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Ribosome motor
Elongation factor that moves the ribosome along mRNA using GTP |
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Energy of protein synthesis
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Comes mainly from GTP to move the ribsomes
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Start codon in eukaryotes and what AA does it encode?
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AUG-met the start of translation
AUG encodes methionine |
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rRNA sites
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A- aminoacyl site
P- peptidyl site E- Exit site |
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Peptidyl transferase
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Catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond and requires no energy
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tRNA recycling
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After loosing the charged aminoacyl and AA, the tRNA exits and can be used again and again.
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Release factors
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Mimic a charge tRNA. They have an H2O attached to them.
When the peptidyl transferase tries to react it ends in termination |
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Stop codons
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Stop in atlanta
UAA, UGA, UAG |
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8 Ribosomal inhibitors antibiotics and diseases?
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1. Chrolarmphical
2. Cyclohexamide 3. Erythromycin 4. Puromycin 5. Streptomycin 6. Tetracyclin 7. Diptheria 8. Ricin |
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6 post translational modification
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1. Disulfide bonds
2. Attachement of cofactors/enzymes 3. cleavage of precursor proteins 4. chemical modifications 5. assocciation of monomers into oligomers 6. attachment of prosthetic groups |
