Biochemistry: Rna Structure, Synthesis, And Repair

Front 1

Makes up about 80% of the total RNA in a cell:

Back 1

rRNA

Front 2

Which kind of RNA has extensive interchain base pairing? Why?

Back 2

tRNA
Gives it secondary and tertiary structure.

Front 3

Comprises only 5% of RNA within the cell:

Back 3

mRNA

Front 4

Polycistronic RNA is characteristic of _______.

Back 4

Prokaryotes

Front 5

Information from more than one gene carried on a single mRNA

Back 5

Polycistronic

Front 6

RNA is complementary to the _______ strand and identical to the ______ strand of DNA.

Back 6

template strand, coding strand

Front 7

The core enzyme in prokaryotes is responsible for what activity?

Back 7

5' - 3' RNA polymerase activity

Front 8

Enables prokaryotic RNA polymerase to recognize promoter regions:

Back 8

Sigma Factor

Front 9

Name two ways in which the function of RNA polymerase is different from DNA polymerase:

Back 9

1. Does not require a primer
2. Has no known proofreading activity

Front 10

A major mechanism by which DNA is made more accessible to transcription machinery is through ________ of lysine residues at the N-terminus of histone proteins:

Back 10

Acetylation

Front 11

______ ______ recognize DNA through a variety of DNA binding motifs.

Back 11

Transcription Factors

Front 12

This enzyme synthesizes the precursors of mRNA that are later translated to produce proteins:

Back 12

RNA polymerase II

Front 13

In genes that are always expressed, a _______ is found and serves as a binding site for transcription factors:

Back 13

GC box (GC rich region)

Front 14

Special Cis-acting DNA sequences that increase the rate of initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II:

Back 14

Enhancers

Front 15

This enzyme, produced by death cap mushrooms, forms a tight complex with polymerase, inhibiting mRNA synthesis and thus, protein synthesis:

Back 15

Alpha Amanitin

Front 16

This enzyme produces the small RNA including tRNA, 5S rRNA, and some snRNA:

Back 16

RNA polymerase II

Front 17

Addition of _______ to eukaryotic mRNA permits initiation of translation and helps stabilize the mRNA.

Back 17

5' Methyguanosine Cap

Front 18

This post-transcriptional modification to eukaryotic mRNA helps to stabilize it and fascilitates its exit from the nucleus:

Back 18

3' Poly A tail

Front 19

The process of removing introns and joining exons.

Back 19

Splicing

Front 20

The molecular machine responsible for splicing mRNA.

Back 20

Splicesome

Front 21

Fascilitate the removal of exon segments in splicing by forming base pairs with the consensus sequences at the end of each intron:

Back 21

snRNPs

Front 22

The binding of _____ brings the sequences of the neighboring exons into the correct alignment for splicing.

Back 22

snRNPs

Front 23

Synthesizes the precursor of large rRNA in the nucleolus.

Back 23

RNA Polymerase I

Front 24

Synthesizes the precursor for mRNA

Back 24

RNA polymerase II

Front 25

What does alpha amantin inhibit?

Back 25

RNA polymerase

Front 26

Promoters for rRNA and mRNA are generally ________ of the start site of transcription and are not themselves transcripbed into RNA:

Back 26

Upstream

Front 27

Eukaryotic ______ gene promoters can be internal/downstream of the transcription start site:

Back 27

tRNA

Front 28

This antibiotic binds to the beta subunit of the promoter and prevents polymerase from binding DNA:

Back 28

Rifamycin

Front 29

Is a saddle shaped protein that induces a bend in the DNA and allows other protein factors to interact:

Back 29

TATA Binding Protein (TBP)

Front 30

Transcription factor containing TBP:

Back 30

TFIID