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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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32) What kind of base pairs does RNA usually form?
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Intramolecular base pairs.
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33) What is the function of tRNA?
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Deliver specific amino acids to ribosomes.
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34) What is the function of mRNA?
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Express a gene in a protein, read by ribosome, working copy of DNA.
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35) What is the function of hnRNA (eukaryotes)?
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Pre-cursor to mRNA if it need to be fixed before it becomes mRNA.
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36) What is the function of rRNA?
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Primarily structural (rRNA + Proteins = Ribosomes).
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37) What is the function of snRNA?
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Small nuclear RNA’s function is entirely catalytic for spliceosomes, they help process hnRNA into mRNA in eukaryotes
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38) hnRNA contains?
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Introns and exons, precursor for mRNA.
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39) What is RNA editing?
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The addition of individual nucleotides in the middle of the mRNA sequence.
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40) A) [---------------------------------] ; B) [------------]; which one is hnRNA, and which one is mRNA?
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A) is hnRNA, and B) is mRNA.
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41) Bacterial RNA polymerase produces?
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mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA
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42) Eukaryotic RNA polymerase I produces?
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rRNA precursor.
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43) Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II produces?
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mRNA precursor.
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44) Eukaryotic RNA polymerase III produces?
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tRNA precursor.
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45) Mitochondrial RNA polymerase produces?
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mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA.
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46) What are the subunits of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme?
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? Alpha, beta, beta’, sigma (factor).
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47) Closed and open complexes are associated with?
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Bacterial transcription initiation.
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48) What type of sequences aid in the ability of RNA polymerases to recognize the nucleotide at which initiation begins?
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Promoters.
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49) What type of sequences aid in the ability of enhancing RNA polymerases activity even further, and are also present within the genes?
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Enhancers
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50) After a few incorporations of a first few nucleotides, do promoters stay with RNA polymerase or do they unbind from the complex?
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They unbind away from the complex.
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51) 5’ cap tells the cell?
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I’m ready.
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52) Poly A tail tells the cell?
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Do not degrade me.
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53) Prokaryotes have operons that enable them to transcribe?
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Several genes at once.
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54) In eukaryotes you can only transcribe how many genes in a row?
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1 (1 gene = 1 polypeptide).
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55) DNA binding proteins are also known as?
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Transcription factors.
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56) Transcription factors do what?
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They regulate transcription.
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57) Response elements are related to?
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Enhancers and silencer sequences.
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58) Hormones are able to _________ transcription?
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Regulate.
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