Biochemistry Protein Function Lehninger Key Terms

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A protein making up the thin fillaments of muscle; also an important component of the cytoskeleton of many eurkaryotic cells?

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Actin

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A contile protein; the major component of the thick filaments of muscle and other actin-myosin systems

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Myosin

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A functional and structural unit of the muscle contractile system

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Sarcomere

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A small molecule which, when linked to a larger molecule, elicts an immue response

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Hapten

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A heterogeneous pool of antibodies produced in an animal by a number of different B lymphocytes in response to an antigen. Different antibodies in the pool recognize different parts of the antigen

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Polyclonal antibodies

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Antibodies produced by a cloned hybridoma cell' which therefor are identical and directed against the same epitope of the antigen

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Monoclonal antibodies

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An antigenic determinant; the particular chemical group or groups within a macromolecule (antigen) to which a given antibody binds

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Epitope

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THe iron-porphyrin prosthetic group of heme proteins

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Heme

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A change in the conformation of an enzyme in response to substrate binding that renders the enzyme catalytically active; also used to denote changes in the conformation of any macromolecules in response to ligand binding such that is the binding site of the macromolecule better conforms to the shape of the ligand

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induced fit

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The crevice or pocket on a protein in which a ligand binds

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binding site

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A small molecule that binds specially to a larger one; for example, A hormone is the ligand for its specific protein receptor

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Ligand

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An antibody protein generated against, and capable of binding specifically to, an antigen

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Immuneoglobulin

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A denfense protein synthesized by the immune system of vertebrates

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Antibody

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One of a class of blood cells (lymphocytes) of thymic origen, involved in cell-mediated immune rxns

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T lymphocytes (t-cell)

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One of a class of blood cells (lymphocytes), responsible for the production of circulating antibodies

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B lymphocytes (B-cell)

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A molecule capable of elicting the synthesis of a specific antibody in vertebrates

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Antigen

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Dissociated constant {k[d]}

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- An equilibrium constant {k[d]} for the dissociation of a complex of two or more biomolecules into its components; for example, dissociation of a substrate from an enzyme

- The dissociation constant {k[d]} of an acid, describing its dissociation into its conjugate base and a proton

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A subclass of leukocytes involved in the immune response. B lymphocytes synthesize and secrete antibodies

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Lymphocytes

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Complex nitrogenous compound containing four substituted pyrroles covalently joined into a ring; often complexed with a central metal atom

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Porphyrin

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A protein (generally with multiple subunits) multiple ligand-binding sites, such that ligand binding at one site affects ligand binding at another

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Allosteric Protein