Biochemistry Of Membrane Structure And Function

Front 1

Lipids (types)

Back 1

Cholesterol
Spingolipids (2)
Glyceryl Phospolipids(6)

Hint 1

spingo- Sphingomyelin
gangliosides
Glyceryl phospolipids:
Phospatidylcholine(PC)
ethanolamine(PE)
glycerol(PG)
serine(PS
inositol(PI)
cardiolipin(CL)

Front 2

Amphipathic

Back 2

hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Front 3

Lipid Bilayers Form by

Back 3

self assembly and it is

Hint 3

inherent and rapid and spontaneous

Front 4

Lipid bilayers are

Back 4

cooperative structures which makes them

Hint 4

extensive close compartmentalizing and self-sealing

Front 5

Forces that stabilize lipid bilayers

Back 5

Hydrophobic is primary
Van der Waals betwen tails
Electrostatic between polar heads and water

Front 6

Liposomes form by?

Back 6

Create a vehicle out of small membrane.
Sonicated phospholipids around 50 nm
allows water soluble drugs to get into aqueous compartments
drugs or dna therapy

Hint 6

in the future targeting signals can be added for better targeting

Front 7

Proteins in bilayer

Back 7

1Integral
2-Peripheral

Hint 7

1need detergent or organic solvent to get them out
2 loosely associated only need mild conditions

Front 8

protein arrangement

Back 8

span membrane with alpha helices

Hint 8

composed of hydrophobic amino acids, cytoplasmic will be hydrophilic

Front 9

protein arrangement channels

Back 9

beta pleated sheets

Hint 9

hydrophobic AA are on outside of pore, while hydrophilic ones line the channel

Front 10

Prostaglandin H2 synthase-1

Back 10

substrate arachidonic acid does not have to leave hydrophobic environement to reach active site of membrane

Hint 10

Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by transferring acetyl group to ser530 of channel, which blocks access

Front 11

Peripheral membrane proteins can associate with membrane by

Back 11

hydrophobic groups!

Front 12

Protein and Lipid Mobility

Back 12

Lateral diffusion is fast

Hint 12

trasverse (flip flop) is slow

Front 13

Hybridoma

Back 13

mixing of cell membranes when two cells get heated and undergo lateral diffusion

Front 14

membrane fluidity

Back 14

controlled by fatty acid composition and cholesterol content

Hint 14

double bonds lower melting point (unsaturated fat)

Front 15

Diffusion Across Membrane

Back 15

Hydrophilic slow
hydrophobic fast
diffusion high to low
rate of diffusion is diffusion constant times Concentration on side 1 over side 2

Front 16

Lipophilic molecules

Back 16

Simple diffusion

Hint 16

shed water shell
moves into fatty core
diffuses out by con. gradient
resolvated

Front 17

Channel details

Back 17

passive transport
around 100000 ions a second
examples

Hint 17

voltage gated Na channel
ligand gated AchR
cAMP reg Cl- channel
other pressure sensitive

Front 18

Transporter details

Back 18

around 100-1000 per second
active/ passive

Hint 18

passive glucose
active
1- ATPase- Na/K pump
2- redox coupled-- respiratory chain
3 atp binding cassette multidrug resistance protein transport
4- 2 na dep glucose transporter

Front 19

Energetics

Back 19

uncharged particles rate depends on concentration
charged particle depends on membrane potential

Front 20

Examples of Channels

Back 20

Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++ ATPase
Na-Glu symporter
K+ channel

Front 21

SarcoER Ca++ ATPase

Back 21

uniporter
primary active transporter
steps(6)

Hint 21

1binding
2phos
3eversion
4release
5hydrolysis
6eversion

Front 22

Na Glu symport

Back 22

secondary active transport

Front 23

K channel

Back 23

uniport
passive transport
voltage gated
selectivity determined by amino acids lining the pore

Hint 23

cone shaped
TVGYG pore
ball and chain occlusion

Front 24

Ionophores

Back 24

compounds that collapse ionic gradients
small molecules that surround ions and shuttle them
valinomycin cyclic peptide that binds K+
monensin- Na gradients