Biochemistry Metabolism

Front 1

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Back 1

Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl Co A- (Needed to enter the TCA cycle)

Front 2

Lactase

Back 2

Lactoseà galactose+glucose

Lactose intolerance in deficiency in the enzyme

Front 3

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Back 3

Puts a phosphate on glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and also NAD+à NADH

Front 4

Lactate dehydrogenase

Back 4

Pyruvate+NADHàLactate+NAD+

This makes the NAD+needed for Glycolysis.

Front 5

UDP-glucose-4-epimerase

Back 5

Converts UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose.

Front 6

Galactose 1-phosphate uridylyl transferase (common deficiency)

Back 6

Transvers Uridyl to galactose from UDP glucose and phosphorylates the glucose.

(glucose 1-phosphate)

Front 7

Aldolase (type B)

Back 7

Converts Fructose 1-phosphate to Dihydroxyacetone-p and glyceraldehyde. (slow reaction)

Front 8

Fructokinase

Back 8

Converts fructose to fructose 1-phosphate (fast reaction)

Front 9

Glucagon

Back 9

Causes glycogen cascade in liver. Increases blood suger.

Front 10

Glucose 6-phosphatase

Back 10

Converts glucose 6-phosphate to GLUCOSE

Front 11

Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase

Back 11

Converts Fru-1,6-bisphosphatase to Fru-6-P

Front 12

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase

Back 12

Converts Oxaloacetate to PEP

(adds a phosphate and removes a carbon) Uses GTP

Front 13

Pyruvate Carboxylate

Back 13

Converts pyruvate to Oxaloacetate (uses ATP)

Biotin is an important cofactor for most carboxylases

Front 14

Hexokinase

Back 14

Glucose to glucose 6-phosphate

Front 15

Phosphoglucomutase

Back 15

Interconverts glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate

Front 16

UDP glucosepyrophosphorylase

Back 16

Adds UTP to glucose 1-phosphate

Front 17

Adenyl Cyclase

Back 17

Turns ATP to c-AMP

Front 18

Phosphorylase

Back 18

Glycogen subunit to glucose 1-phosphate

Front 19

Phosphorylase kinase

Back 19

Phosphorylates phosphorylase and activates it.

Front 20

Protein Kinase A

Back 20

Phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase and activates it.

Inactivates glycogen synthase by phosphorylating it.

Also turns off protein phosphatase

Front 21

Creatine Kinase

Back 21

Can transport phosphoryl group from creatine phosphate to ADP to form ATP

Front 22

Adenylate Kinase

Back 22

2ADP converted to ATP+AMP (reversible) used to regenerate ATP in contracting muscle

Front 23

Epinephrine

Back 23

Binds to B-adronergic receptor and activates G-protein which activates adenyl cyclase (turns ATP to c-AMP). All this activates protein kinase A!

Front 24

phosphodiesterase

Back 24

Inactivates c-AMP (Hydrolysis)

Front 25

Adenylcyclase

Back 25

Turns ATP to c-AMP

Front 26

Toxins can also inhibit complex 4

Back 26

Cyanide, Azide and CO.

CO binds to hemoglobin and also with the cytochrome that interacts with transported oxygen.

Front 27

2-4-dinitrophenol

Back 27

Chemical uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation

Front 28

Lactate dehydrogenase

Back 28

Pyruvate+NADHàLactate+NAD+

This makes the NAD+needed for Glycolysis.

Front 29

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Back 29

Puts a phosphate on glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and also NAD+à NADH

Front 30

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Back 30

Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl Co A- (Needed to enter the TCA cycle)